Upper ocean response to super typhoon Rammasun(2014) based on Argo data in the South China Sea

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.02.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Using Argo measured data combined with satellite remote sensing data and moored buoy data, the upper ocean temperature and salinity response caused by super typhoon Rammasun in 2014 was analyzed and studied. The result shows that super typhoon Rammasun resulted in cooling of sea surface temperature and deepening of mixing layer. Meanwhile, mixing length and vertical velocity induced by typhoon were calculated in this research, which explained the causes of temperature changes in the subsurface layer. Strong mixing and weak upwelling led to warming of the subsurface layer, whereas weak mixing and strong upwelling led to cooling of the subsurface layer. Compared with the change of temperature, the response of salinity was more complex. Precipitation first caused the decrease of surface salinity, and then vertical mixing led to a large increase of surface salinity. However, the effect of precipitation could greatly inhibit this process. After the typhoon departed, the vertical mixing was weakened, and the salinity was greatly reduced because of the heavy precipitation, it was even lower than that before the typhoon.

Key words: super typhoon, Argo, temperature, salinity

CLC Number:

P732.6

YU Jie, ZHANG Han, CHEN Dake. Upper ocean response to super typhoon Rammasun(2014) based on Argo data in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(2): 14-27.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Track of super typhoon Rammasun (The black line represents typhoon’s track,the black plus signs represent positions of Argo at the typhoon’s arrival, the blue plus sign represents position of the moored buoy at the typhoon’s arrival.)

Fig.2 South China Sea daily SST observed by satellite from 15th to 20th of July (The black point represents the typhoon’s location at 12:00 UTC, the black line represents typhoon’s track, the following figures are the same.)

Fig.3 Sea surface temperature cooling in South China Sea caused by Rammasun

Fig.4 Temperature profile observed by Argo from 13th to 30th of July (a-e) and distribution of Argo (f) (The numbers in brackets represent the days relative to the passage of the typhoon’s center,negative means before the typhoon’s arrival and positive means after the typhoon’s passage.)

Fig.5 Inertial oscillations period caused by typhoon

Tab.1 The changes of isothermal layer depth and temperature caused by typhoon (forcing phase)

Argo	台风过境前		台风过境后
Argo	等温层深度/m	等温层温度/℃	等温层深度/m	等温层温度/℃
A1(5903455)^①	41.3	29.739	21.1	29.100
A3(2901469)	31.1	29.992	51.1	29.025
A4(5903454)	18.7	30.477	44.8	29.130
A5(5902165)	21.2	30.774	24.7	29.482

Fig.6 Salinity profile observed by Argo from 13th to 30th of July (a-e) and distribution of Argo (f) (The numbers in brackets represent the days relative to the passage of the typhoon’s center,negative means before the typhoon’s arrival and positive means after the typhoon’s passage.)

Tab.2 Changes of mixed layer depth and barrier layer thickness caused by typhoon (forcing phase)

Argo	台风过境前		台风过境后
Argo	混合层深度/m	障碍层厚度/m	混合层深度/m	障碍层厚度/m
A1(5903455)	16.1	25.2	16.6	4.5
A3(2901469)	25.3	5.8	35.4	15.7
A4(5903454)	18.7	0.0	30.9	13.9
A5(5902165)	16.0	5.2	24.7	0

Tab.3 Mixing length and net lift distance

Argo	混合长度/m	净抬升距离^①/m
A1(5903455)	10.01	3.325
A3(2901469)	18.53	-1.669
A4(5903454)	14.37	4.268
A5(5902165)	15.45	-0.676

Fig.7 The distribution of vertical velocity of study area from 16th to 18th of July (Positive values represent upward velocity, negative values represent downward velocity.)

Fig.8 Daily precipitation from 15th to 19th of July (a-e) and distribution of Argo (f)

Fig.9 Three-hour average precipitation from 00:00 UTC on 17th of July to 06:00 UTC on 18th of July (a-k) and distribution of Argo (l)

Fig.10 Temperature,salinity and precipitation changes of moored buoy S1 from 15th to 20th of July (Dashed line represents typhoon’s passage. Data has been smoothed with a 30-minute moving average.)

Fig.11 Daily precipitation from 20th to 30th of July (a-k) and distribution of Argo (l)

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