Distribution and interannual changes of PAHs in surface sediments from the adjacent waters of the green petrochemical project

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

To evaluate the environmental changes before and after the operation of the green petrochemical project, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments of the adjacent sea area of Yushan Island where the project is located, were investigated and monitored for four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021. The results showed the total PAHs contents ranged from 16.9 to 178.0 μg·kg^-1 with the average content of 75.9±24.0-102.6±41.4 μg·kg^-1, showing an overall downward trend over the past four years, with a lower overall concentration compared to other sea areas in China. The average content of different PAHs components in the investigated surface sediments from high to low were: 4 rings PAHs, 5 rings PAHs, 3 rings PAHs, 6 rings PAHs and 2 rings PAHs. The surface sediments of the surveyed sea area was mainly composed of silt, and the spatial distribution of PAHs was influenced by various factors. The sources of PAHs in the surveyed sea area were relatively stable, with small interannual differences, mainly originating from the long-distance migration of combustion products of substances such as oil, firewood, and coal. According to the sediments quality baseline method evaluation, the ecological risk level of PAHs in the surveyed sea area sediments was relatively low. The green petrochemical project did not cause an increase in PAHs of sediments in adjacent sea areas during the construction and production periods. However, as the project continues to operate, its impact on the surrounding ecological environment still needs to be continuously monitored.

Key words: green petrochemical project, sediments, PAHs, distribution

CLC Number:

X131

REN Shijun, ZHANG Li, WANG Hongguang, ZHANG Qinghong, ZHUANG Tonghui, WEI Na, SONG Jihong, CHENG Luxian, WANG You, MU Qinglin. Distribution and interannual changes of PAHs in surface sediments from the adjacent waters of the green petrochemical project[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(3): 83-91.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Study area and sampling sites

Tab.1 PAHs contents in surface sediments of survey areas

PAHs	苯环个数/个	含量/(μg·kg^-1)
PAHs	苯环个数/个	2018年	2019年	2020年	2021年
$∑$ PAHs	—	27.8~163.0 (89.7±38.5)	27.5~149.0 (102.6±41.4)	24.7~178.0(79.0±40.4)	16.9~114.0 (75.9±24.0)
Nap	2	1.4~7.9 (4.4±1.8)	1.2~11.9 (6.3±3.5)	ND~16.1 (5.4±6.4)	0.4~5.4 (2.8±1.4)
Acy	3	ND~1.3 (0.6±0.3)	0.2~3.0 (0.9±0.7)	ND~20.3 (4.2±6.4)	0.2~1.5 (0.8±0.4)
Act	3	0.3~2.8 (1.3±0.7)	ND~1.9 (0.9±0.4)	ND~1.4 (0.7±0.3)	0.1~0.9 (0.6±0.2)
Flu	3	1.6~4.6 (2.7±0.8)	0.6~4.7 (2.4±1.2)	0.8~3.7 (1.9±0.8)	0.6~3.3 (1.7±0.6)
Phe	3	5.5~17.6 (10.8±3.9)	2.5~16.5 (9.9±4.2)	2.9~16.8 (8.5±3.5)	2.0~18.1 (8.6±3.8)
Ant	3	0.6~4.0 (2.1±0.9)	0.5~5.9 (2.4±1.4)	0.6~3.9 (1.8±1.0)	0.5~3.5 (2.1±1.0)
Fla	4	4.2~19.8 (10.7±4.5)	2.7~16.0 (10.3±4.3)	3.9~20.1 (9.8±4.1)	2.5~14.4 (10.0±3.0)
Pyr	4	2.6~16.8 (8.7±4.0)	2.2~14.7 (8.9±3.9)	2.8~20.1 (8.5±4.5)	2.1~13.6 (9.1±2.8)
BaA	4	0.8~7.7 (4.1±2.0)	0.8~4.9 (3.3±1.4)	0.9~6.4 (2.8±1.5)	0.7~6.4 (3.7±1.4)
Chr	4	2.5~17.9 (10.0±4.6)	3.0~17.7 (12.0±4.8)	2.4~16.4 (8.1±3.6)	1.1~11.5 (6.5±2.4)
BbF	5	3.0~13.0 (7.9±3.0)	6.1~29.2 (20.3±8.1)	2.6~15.5 (7.3±3.4)	2.4~13.5 (9.1±2.7)
BkF	5	1.0~14.6 (7.5±3.9)	1.2~10.1 (4.8±2.3)	1.0~7.6 (3.7±1.8)	0.9~6.4 (3.9±1.3)
BaP	5	0.8~10.4 (5.4±2.7)	1.0~9.3 (6.1±2.9)	1.4~15.4 (5.7±3.7)	0.8~11.7 (6.4±2.9)
DBA	5	0.5~3.7 (2.0±0.9)	0.3~2.9 (1.6±0.8)	0.3~3.2 (1.2±0.8)	0.3~2.3 (1.0±0.5)
InP	6	1.3~10.1 (5.4±2.5)	2.0~14.2 (6.7±3.4)	1.7~13.4 (5.5±3.0)	1.0~6.7 (4.2±1.4)
BgP	6	1.9~10.8 (6.4±2.6)	1.7~9.0 (6.0±2.6)	3.3~14.7 (6.6±2.9)	1.3~6.9 (4.9±1.4)

Tab.1 PAHs contents in surface sediments of survey areas

PAHs	苯环个数/个	含量/(μg·kg^-1)
PAHs	苯环个数/个	2018年	2019年	2020年	2021年
$∑$ PAHs	—	27.8~163.0 (89.7±38.5)	27.5~149.0 (102.6±41.4)	24.7~178.0(79.0±40.4)	16.9~114.0 (75.9±24.0)
Nap	2	1.4~7.9 (4.4±1.8)	1.2~11.9 (6.3±3.5)	ND~16.1 (5.4±6.4)	0.4~5.4 (2.8±1.4)
Acy	3	ND~1.3 (0.6±0.3)	0.2~3.0 (0.9±0.7)	ND~20.3 (4.2±6.4)	0.2~1.5 (0.8±0.4)
Act	3	0.3~2.8 (1.3±0.7)	ND~1.9 (0.9±0.4)	ND~1.4 (0.7±0.3)	0.1~0.9 (0.6±0.2)
Flu	3	1.6~4.6 (2.7±0.8)	0.6~4.7 (2.4±1.2)	0.8~3.7 (1.9±0.8)	0.6~3.3 (1.7±0.6)
Phe	3	5.5~17.6 (10.8±3.9)	2.5~16.5 (9.9±4.2)	2.9~16.8 (8.5±3.5)	2.0~18.1 (8.6±3.8)
Ant	3	0.6~4.0 (2.1±0.9)	0.5~5.9 (2.4±1.4)	0.6~3.9 (1.8±1.0)	0.5~3.5 (2.1±1.0)
Fla	4	4.2~19.8 (10.7±4.5)	2.7~16.0 (10.3±4.3)	3.9~20.1 (9.8±4.1)	2.5~14.4 (10.0±3.0)
Pyr	4	2.6~16.8 (8.7±4.0)	2.2~14.7 (8.9±3.9)	2.8~20.1 (8.5±4.5)	2.1~13.6 (9.1±2.8)
BaA	4	0.8~7.7 (4.1±2.0)	0.8~4.9 (3.3±1.4)	0.9~6.4 (2.8±1.5)	0.7~6.4 (3.7±1.4)
Chr	4	2.5~17.9 (10.0±4.6)	3.0~17.7 (12.0±4.8)	2.4~16.4 (8.1±3.6)	1.1~11.5 (6.5±2.4)
BbF	5	3.0~13.0 (7.9±3.0)	6.1~29.2 (20.3±8.1)	2.6~15.5 (7.3±3.4)	2.4~13.5 (9.1±2.7)
BkF	5	1.0~14.6 (7.5±3.9)	1.2~10.1 (4.8±2.3)	1.0~7.6 (3.7±1.8)	0.9~6.4 (3.9±1.3)
BaP	5	0.8~10.4 (5.4±2.7)	1.0~9.3 (6.1±2.9)	1.4~15.4 (5.7±3.7)	0.8~11.7 (6.4±2.9)
DBA	5	0.5~3.7 (2.0±0.9)	0.3~2.9 (1.6±0.8)	0.3~3.2 (1.2±0.8)	0.3~2.3 (1.0±0.5)
InP	6	1.3~10.1 (5.4±2.5)	2.0~14.2 (6.7±3.4)	1.7~13.4 (5.5±3.0)	1.0~6.7 (4.2±1.4)
BgP	6	1.9~10.8 (6.4±2.6)	1.7~9.0 (6.0±2.6)	3.3~14.7 (6.6±2.9)	1.3~6.9 (4.9±1.4)

Tab.2 Comparison of species and content of PAHs detected in surface sediments from different sea areas

海区	检出PAHs种数/种	PAHs含量/(μg·kg^-1)		数据来源
海区	检出PAHs种数/种	范围	平均值	数据来源
绿色石化项目邻近海域	16	27.5~149.0	102.6	本研究2019年
绿色石化项目邻近海域	16	16.9~114.0	75.9	本研究2021年
长江口及浙江近岸海域	16	31.8~384.0	131.1	文献[5]
舟山海域	15	10.5~521.8	138.6	文献[7]
台州湾	15	85.4~167.6	138.6	文献[8]
厦门湾	16	204.0~1 590.5	670.0	文献[9]
湄洲湾	16	196.7~299.7	256.1	文献[10]
环渤海渔港	16	1 092.9~4 196.9	2 642.0	文献[11]
青岛近海	16	255.8~1 884.1	684.8	文献[12]
深圳近岸海域	16	227.5~3 897.4	—	文献[13]
广西三娘湾	16	37.0~241.8	90.8	文献[14]
南黄海西部	16	19.8~172.0	67.2	文献[15]
南海北部	16	8.6~17.5	10.9	文献[16]

Fig.2 Distribution of PAHs content in surface sediments

Fig.3 Interannual changes of PAHs with different ring numbers

Tab.3 Type composition, average particle size and organic carbon content of surface sediments

年份	砂/%	粉砂/%	黏土/%	平均粒径Ф	有机碳/%
2018年	2.2~14.7(6.4±3.9)	56.7~85.5(79.2±7.6)	7.8~41.0(14.4±8.8)	5.57~7.44(6.17±0.52)	0.36~0.81(0.58±0.12)
2019年	0.4~75.0(10.7±20.6)	25.0~94.6(83.6±18.8)	0.0~9.9(5.7±2.9)	3.25~6.45(5.79±0.86)	0.14~0.56(0.44±0.12)
2020年	4.1~34.1(12.3±9.5)	63.3~90.4(80.7±8.4)	2.7~11.4(7.0±2.4)	4.62~6.18(5.66±0.45)	0.42~0.66(0.55±0.07)
2021年	0.9~87.8(12.7±24.1)	12.2~91.6(80.3±21.9)	0.0~12.7(7.0±3.1)	3.10~6.38(5.84±0.89)	0.33~0.61(0.49±0.10)

Fig.4 Sediment types

Tab.4 Correlations coefficient between PAHs content and its influencing factors in surface sediments

项目	PAHs	LMW	HMW	有机碳	粒度
PAHs	1.00
LMW	0.87^*	1.00
HMW	0.98^*	0.77^*	1.00
有机碳	0.14	0.18	0.12	1.00
粒度	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.38^*	1.00

Fig.5 Sources analysis of PAHs in surface sediments

Tab.5 Criteria for the quality assessment of PAHs in sediment[25]单位:μg·kg-1

项目	Nap	Acy	Act	Flu	Phe	Ant	Fla	Pyr	Chr	BaA	BaP	DBA
ERL	160	16	44	19	240	85.3	600	665	384	261	430	63.4
ERM	2 100	500	640	540	1 500	1 100	5 100	2 600	2 800	1 600	1 600	260

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