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自然波动环境短期驯化对美丽鹿角珊瑚耐热性的影响
谭荣华, 黄雯, 黄文蓓, 黄光贤, 宛强, 彭梦娇, 刘书萌, 许辉, 徐烨, 余克服
海洋学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3) : 58-65.
PDF(2166 KB)
PDF(2166 KB)
自然波动环境短期驯化对美丽鹿角珊瑚耐热性的影响
Effects of short-term acclimation in a natural fluctuating environment on the thermal tolerance of Acropora muricata
美丽鹿角珊瑚(Acropora muricata)具有分枝状结构,生长速度快,可增加珊瑚礁生境的结构复杂度,是珊瑚礁生态修复的重要候选物种。然而,该物种对高温胁迫较为敏感,易在海洋热浪等极端高温事件中发生白化甚至死亡,制约了其修复应用的稳定性与可持续性。本研究以采自潮下带的美丽鹿角珊瑚为实验材料,将其置于潮间带岩石池自然波动环境中开展为期14 d的驯化处理;随后开展室内高温胁迫对照实验,系统解析驯化组与未驯化组珊瑚的表型特征及生理生化响应差异。结果显示,两组珊瑚对高温胁迫的响应模式一致,均出现白化现象,虫黄藻密度与叶绿素a含量降低,抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛含量上升;但相较于未驯化组,驯化组珊瑚生理状态更佳,抗氧化能力更强,其虫黄藻密度、叶绿素a含量、过氧化氢酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性分别较未驯化组高21.48%、37.20%、45.09%和60.26%。综上,自然波动环境驯化可提升美丽鹿角珊瑚-虫黄藻共生体系的稳定性,减轻高温胁迫诱导的生理损伤,增强珊瑚抗氧化能力,从而提高珊瑚耐热性。
Acropora muricata, characterized by branching morphology and fast growth, enhances the structural complexity of reef habitats and is considered a key candidate species for coral reef restoration. However, this species is relatively sensitive to heat stress and prone to bleaching and even mortality during extreme high-temperature events such as marine heatwaves, limiting the stability and sustainability of its application in restoration. In this study, A.muricata colonies collected from subtidal habitats were subjected to a 14-day acclimation in natural fluctuating environments within intertidal rock pools; subsequently, a controlled indoor heat-stress experiment was conducted to compare phenotypic traits and physiological and biochemical responses between the acclimated and non-acclimated groups. Results showed that both groups exhibited similar response patterns to heat stress, including bleaching, declines in Symbiodiniaceae density and chlorophyll a content, increases in antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Under heat stress, the acclimated group displayed superior physiological condition and stronger antioxidant capacity: Symbiodiniaceae density, chlorophyll a content, catalase (CAT) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were 21.48%, 37.20%, 45.09%and 60.26%higher, respectively, than those in the non-acclimated group. In summary, acclimation in naturally fluctuating environments can improve the stability of the A.muricata-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis, enhance coral antioxidant capacity, alleviate heat-stress-induced physiological damage, and thereby increase the heat tolerance of this species.
美丽鹿角珊瑚 / 涠洲岛 / 波动环境 / 驯化 / 珊瑚礁修复 / 耐热性 / 高温胁迫 / 生理响应
Acropora muricata / Weizhou Island / fluctuating environment / acclimation / coral reef restoration / thermal tolerance / heat stress / physiological response
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Coral reefs are highly dynamic ecosystems that are regularly exposed to natural perturbations. Human activities have increased the range, intensity, and frequency of disturbance to reefs. Threats such as overfishing and pollution are being compounded by climate change, notably warming and ocean acidification. Elevated temperatures are driving increasingly frequent bleaching events that can lead to the loss of both coral cover and reef structural complexity. There remains considerable variability in the distribution of threats and in the ability of reefs to survive or recover from such disturbances. Without significant emissions reductions, however, the future of coral reefs is increasingly bleak. Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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The genetic enhancement of wild animals and plants for characteristics that benefit human populations has been practiced for thousands of years, resulting in impressive improvements in commercially valuable species. Despite these benefits, genetic manipulations are rarely considered for noncommercial purposes, such as conservation and restoration initiatives. Over the last century, humans have driven global climate change through industrialization and the release of increasing amounts of CO2, resulting in shifts in ocean temperature, ocean chemistry, and sea level, as well as increasing frequency of storms, all of which can profoundly impact marine ecosystems. Coral reefs are highly diverse ecosystems that have suffered massive declines in health and abundance as a result of these and other direct anthropogenic disturbances. There is great concern that the high rates, magnitudes, and complexity of environmental change are overwhelming the intrinsic capacity of corals to adapt and survive. Although it is important to address the root causes of changing climate, it is also prudent to explore the potential to augment the capacity of reef organisms to tolerate stress and to facilitate recovery after disturbances. Here, we review the risks and benefits of the improvement of natural and commercial stocks in noncoral reef systems and advocate a series of experiments to determine the feasibility of developing coral stocks with enhanced stress tolerance through the acceleration of naturally occurring processes, an approach known as (human)-assisted evolution, while at the same time initiating a public dialogue on the risks and benefits of this approach.
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Reef corals are highly sensitive to heat, yet populations resistant to climate change have recently been identified. To determine the mechanisms of temperature tolerance, we reciprocally transplanted corals between reef sites experiencing distinct temperature regimes and tested subsequent physiological and gene expression profiles. Local acclimatization and fixed effects, such as adaptation, contributed about equally to heat tolerance and are reflected in patterns of gene expression. In less than 2 years, acclimatization achieves the same heat tolerance that we would expect from strong natural selection over many generations for these long-lived organisms. Our results show both short-term acclimatory and longer-term adaptive acquisition of climate resistance. Adding these adaptive abilities to ecosystem models is likely to slow predictions of demise for coral reef ecosystems. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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杨振雄, 张敬怀, 吕向立, 等. 涠洲岛造礁石珊瑚群落变化特征及其环境影响因子[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(18): 7168-7179.
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In 2023, a record-setting marine heat wave triggered the ninth mass coral bleaching event on Florida’s Coral Reef (FCR). We examined spatial patterns of heat exposure along the ~560-kilometer length of FCR and the mortality of two ecologically important, critically endangered reef-building corals. Sea surface temperatures were ≥31°C for an average of 40.7 days, leading to heat exposures 2.2- to fourfold higher than all prior years on record. In the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas, 97.8 to 100% of the Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis colonies died. Mortality was lower offshore southeast Florida (37.9%), reflecting cooler temperatures in this region. Since the late 1970s, multiple stressors had already reduced the ecological relevance of Acropora in Florida, but the 2023 heat wave marks their functional extinction from FCR.\n
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A set of equations for determining chlorophyll a (Chl a) and accessory chlorophylls b, c2, c1 + c2 and the special case of Acaryochloris marina, which uses Chl d as its primary photosynthetic pigment and also has Chl a, have been developed for 90% acetone, methanol and ethanol solvents. These equations for different solvents give chlorophyll assays that are consistent with each other. No algorithms for Chl c compounds (c2, c1 + c2) in the presence of Chl a have previously been published for methanol or ethanol. The limits of detection (and inherent error, +/- 95% confidence limit), for chlorophylls in all organisms tested, was generally less than 0.1 microg/ml. The Chl a and b algorithms for green algae and land plants have very small inherent errors (< 0.01 microg/ml). Chl a and d algorithms for Acaryochloris marina are consistent with each other, giving estimates of Chl d/a ratios which are consistent with previously published estimates using HPLC and a rarely used algorithm originally published for diethyl ether in 1955. The statistical error structure of chlorophyll algorithms is discussed. The relative error of measurements of chlorophylls increases hyperbolically in diluted chlorophyll extracts because the inherent errors of the chlorophyll algorithms are constants independent of the magnitude of absorbance readings. For safety reasons, efficient extraction of chlorophylls and the convenience of being able to use polystyrene cuvettes, the algorithms for ethanol are recommended for routine assays of chlorophylls. The methanol algorithms would be convenient for assays associated with HPLC work.
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Oxidative stress is two sided: Whereas excessive oxidant challenge causes damage to biomolecules, maintenance of a physiological level of oxidant challenge, termed oxidative eustress, is essential for governing life processes through redox signaling. Recent interest has focused on the intricate ways by which redox signaling integrates these converse properties. Redox balance is maintained by prevention, interception, and repair, and concomitantly the regulatory potential of molecular thiol-driven master switches such as Nrf2/Keap1 or NF-κB/IκB is used for system-wide oxidative stress response. Nonradical species such as hydrogen peroxide (HO) or singlet molecular oxygen, rather than free-radical species, perform major second messenger functions. Chemokine-controlled NADPH oxidases and metabolically controlled mitochondrial sources of HO as well as glutathione- and thioredoxin-related pathways, with powerful enzymatic back-up systems, are responsible for fine-tuning physiological redox signaling. This makes for a rich research field spanning from biochemistry and cell biology into nutritional sciences, environmental medicine, and molecular knowledge-based redox medicine.
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Oxidative stress-the production and accumulation of reduced oxygen intermediates such as superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals-can damage lipids, proteins, and DNA. Many disease processes of clinical interest and the aging process involve oxidative stress in their underlying etiology. The production of reactive oxygen species is also prevalent in the world's oceans, and oxidative stress is an important component of the stress response in marine organisms exposed to a variety of insults as a result of changes in environmental conditions such as thermal stress, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, or exposure to pollution. As in the clinical setting, reactive oxygen species are also important signal transduction molecules and mediators of damage in cellular processes, such as apoptosis and cell necrosis, for marine organisms. This review brings together the voluminous literature on the biochemistry and physiology of oxidative stress from the clinical and plant physiology disciplines with the fast-increasing interest in oxidative stress in marine environments.
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感谢黄庆坤先生提供
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