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  • The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a pivotal component of elemental cycling within cold seep sediments. This process is usually performed by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which usually exist as symbionts. However, pure cultures of ANME have not yet been obtained, and their slow metabolism hinders further exploration and research into their metabolic characteristics and collaborative mechanisms. In this study, we utilized hybridization chain reaction-fluorescence in situ hybridization (HCR-FISH) technology and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the composition and state of ANME communities at different depths of the sediments in the black microbial mat area of the South China Sea Formosa cold seep. The results showed that ANME-1 and ANME-2 were the dominant groups in the sampled Formosa cold seep sediments. Specifically, ANME-2 was found to form consortia with SRB, while no such associations were detected for ANME-1. This observation suggested that ANME-2 and SRB primarily engage in symbiotic AOM processes, highlighting potential differences in physiological roles and methane metabolism pathways between ANME-1 and ANME-2. Furthermore, in sediment samples of all layers, the diameters of ANME-2/SRB consortia were predominantly concentrated between 3-10 μm. Correlation analysis indicated a significant link between the distribution of consortium diameters and environmental factors such as sulfate concentration in the sediment, underscoring the impact of environmental factors on the growth of ANME/SRB consortia. Additionally, using HCR-FISH, we further discovered the presence of multiple consortium clusters in the Formosa cold seep sediment, characterized by orderly connected and uniform-sized consortium, implying possible connections or cooperative relationships among consortia. This study revealed the presence and distribution patterns of ANME groups and sizes of symbiotic microbial consortia in sediment samples from different depths of the Formosa cold seep, laying the foundation for further understanding methane metabolism mechanisms and ecological functions of different ANME groups in situ cold seep sediments.

  • Coastal estuaries are influenced by terrestrial inputs and usually act as sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), whereas mangrove ecosystems generally serve as sinks of atmospheric CO2. Therefore, accurately measuring the CO2 emissions at mangrove estuaries is of great significance for constructing regional and global carbon budgets. Dongzhai Harbor locates in the northeastern of Hainan Island, and connects to the Qiongzhou Strait outward, surrounding by 5 major small rivers. Mangroves are mainly distributed in the west and south of Dongzhai Harbor. This study conducted four field surveys in Dongzhaigang, the surrounding major rivers and the adjacent sea areas in December 2022 (dry season), December 2023 (dry season), May 2022 (wet season) and August 2023 (wet season) respectively. The results show that the surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) presents a decreasing trend from rivers to inner and outer harbor. Temperature, river-sea mixing, and biological respiration jointly affect the spatial distributions of pCO2 in the dry and wet seasons. The CO2 flux in wet season (8.8±8.2 mmol·m-2·d-1) is greater than that in dry season (3.4±3.6 mmol·m-2·d-1), and the annual CO2 flux (6.1±6.3 mmol·m-2·d-1) is lower than that in other tropical mangrove estuaries around the world. This study estimates that the estuarine CO2 emission could offset about 10.4%~21.9% of the carbon sequestration by plants in Dongzhai Harbor.

  • Is the leaching of silicate mineral dissolution in sandy permeable particulate matters responsible to the unusual enrichment of summer silicate in an offshore area in Muping, Yantai?
    HAN Yajing, ZHENG Liwen, LI Chenglong, ZHANG Yong, ZHAI Weidong
    2025, 43(2):1-10. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.001
    Abstract ( 2 ) HTML ( 0 ) PDF ( 5912KB ) ( 2 )   
  • Generation and dissipation of near-inertial internal waves under the regulation of seamount width
    WANG Wenbo, XIE Xiaohui
    2025, 43(2):11-18. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.002
    Abstract ( 2 ) HTML ( 0 ) PDF ( 3692KB ) ( 1 )   
  • Analysis of the characteristics of extreme waves caused by typhoon and cold wave in the Cangnan sea area of Zhejiang Province
    HUAN Caiyun, JIANG Zhenqiang, XU Kundi, WANG Jiaxin
    2025, 43(2):19-29. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.003
    Abstract ( 0 ) HTML ( 0 ) PDF ( 5174KB ) ( 0 )   
  • Tidal flat topography inversion method based on tidal level complementary cumulative distribution function: A case study of Yueqing Bay
    ZHANG Zhaoyuan, ZHANG Huaguo, CAO Wenting, LI Dongling
    2025, 43(2):30-38. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.004
    Abstract ( 0 ) HTML ( 0 ) PDF ( 5226KB ) ( 0 )   
  • Reconstruction of strip-like missing data in geostationary satellite remote sensing imagery based on convolutional neural networks
    HE Qi, SHEN Hao, HAO Zengzhou, LI Yunzhou, HUANG Haiqing
    2025, 43(2):39-46. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.005
    Abstract ( 3 ) HTML ( 1 ) PDF ( 4866KB ) ( 1 )   
  • The carbon sequestration service function of island coastal ecosystems: A case study on the impact assessment of land use changes in the Dongtou Islands
    CHANG Lexin, ZHU Bozhong, GUO Mao, LI Teng, GONG Fang, ZHU Qiankun, BAI Yan
    2025, 43(2):47-57. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.006
    Abstract ( 2 ) HTML ( 0 ) PDF ( 7015KB ) ( 1 )   
  • Evaluation and analysis of the global ionospheric model accuracy in the South China Sea based on shipboard GNSS data: Take the magnetic storm in May 2024 as an example
    LI Guoxiang, LUO Xiaowen, WAN Hongyang, CUI Jiaxin, WEI Wei
    2025, 43(2):58-66. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.007
    Abstract ( 1 ) HTML ( 0 ) PDF ( 3984KB ) ( 0 )   
  • Optimization of FVCOM model algorithm for response coefficient method: A case study of Xiangshan Bay
    QIN Zhihao, HU Song, CHEN Qinsi
    2025, 43(2):67-78. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.008
    Abstract ( 2 ) HTML ( 0 ) PDF ( 8358KB ) ( 0 )   
  • Spatiotemporal distribution of total nitrogen in the Pearl River Estuary-Jiangmen sea area from 2003 to 2023
    TIAN Hongzhen, ZHANG Zheng, DENG Shaofu, YANG Jia, LIU Qinping
    2025, 43(2):79-87. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.009
    Abstract ( 3 ) HTML ( 2 ) PDF ( 8093KB ) ( 0 )   
  • Distribution and influencing factors of organic carbon in mangrove surface sediments in Yanpu Bay, Zhejiang Province
    LÜ Congcong, YU Yang, LI Bin, SHUI Bonian, HU Chengye
    2025, 43(2):88-96. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.010
    Abstract ( 0 ) HTML ( 0 ) PDF ( 3193KB ) ( 0 )   
  • Community composition of microalgae and its contribution to carbon stock in muddy tidal flat in Aiwan Bay
    CHEN Hao, JIANG Zhibing, LI Lei, LIU Chenggang, YU Peisong, ZENG Jiangning
    2025, 43(2):97-106. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.02.011
    Abstract ( 0 ) HTML ( 1 ) PDF ( 3297KB ) ( 1 )   
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