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  • Using eddy-resolving numerical simulation data and historical hydrological observation data, this study investigates the sources, seasonal and interannual variability of two subsurface undercurrents under the Indonesian Throughflow—the Ombai Undercurrent located in the Ombai Strait and the Timor Undercurrent located in the Timor Channel. The results indicate that these two undercurrents exist at depths of approximately 200-800 m, which are a quasi-permanent undercurrent system. The formation of the Ombai Undercurrent is mainly related to the eastward extension of the South Java Undercurrent, while the water source of the Timor Undercurrent is more complex, mostly a mixture of the South Java Undercurrent and the Leeuwin Undercurrent. Both subsurface undercurrents exhibit significant seasonal and interannual variations, with a significant semiannual period at the seasonal scale, typically peaking during the Indian Ocean monsoon transition period (April, May, and October). Combining historical wind, satellite altimeters, and temperature and salinity observation data, it is found that the meridional pressure gradient in the subsurface layer related to local wind and their upwelling is the dominant factor leading to their seasonal changes. At the interannual scale, there is a period of 2-4 years for subsurface undercurrents, which is significantly correlated with the Indian Ocean dipole.

  • Mechanism of deep-water international submarine cables damage: submarine earthquakes
    ZHANG Mengran, XIE Anyuan, HE Huizhong, LU Rong, TANG Minqiang

    Submarine earthquake is one of the most major factors causing deep-water international submarine cables damage. Understanding the process of submarine cables damage and the mechanism of submarine cables damage caused by turbidity currents after earthquake are of great significance to the security maintenance of international submarine communications. Combined with the lastest research result of global seabed topography and using professional international submarine cables engineering software Makaiplan, the process of plenty of submarine cables damage after Grand Banks Earthquake and Hengchun Earthquake were studied, then the relationship between the pattern of submarine cable damage and the developing process of turbidity currents after earthquake was found, and the mechanism of submarine cables damage caused by turbidity currents after earthquake was summarized. Study result shows that submarine cables break points are located intentively in submarine canyons and trenches. The movement speed of turbidity currents in submarine canyon and submarine trench, which caused submarine cable damage, can reach several ten kilometers to several hundred kilometres per hour. Terrestrial rivers and continental shelf undersea river channels provide materials transportation for the development of turbidity currents. Submarine canyons and trenchs are the pathes of turbidity currents movement then damage plenty of submarine cables. The turbidity currents that developed from upper continental slope in passive continental margin after earthquake can damage submarine cables laid on continental slope, continental rise and abyssal plain. This kind of turbidity currents achieves maximum speed on continental slope, then self-accelerate on abyssal plain. Multiple turbidity currents can develop at different positions of continental slope at the same time in active continental margin, then strike submarine cables which laid on canyons and trenches for multiple times. This kind of turbidity currents achieves maximum speed and self-accelerates in submarine trenches. There are several earthquake-resistance measures: submarine cable routes trying to avoid crossing submarine canyons and trenches which connected to terrestrial rivers or continental shelf channels; using shallow water type submarine cable which has outer armor protection when crossing inevitably; laying submarine cables suspended slightly on the bottom of canyons or trenches with Uraduct protection on them; changing the cross-section shape of submarine cable.

  • Sources and characteristics of seasonal-interannual variability of subsurface undercurrents in the Indonesian Throughflow outflow region
    SHI Wanli, HU Shijian
    2024, 42(4):1-11. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.001
    Abstract ( 47 ) HTML ( 9 ) PDF ( 18948KB ) ( 22 )   
  • The spatial and temporal differences of upper ocean in tropical Pacific during the “triple-dip” La Niña of 2020-2023
    CHEN Cong, XU Chuyue, QIN Jianhuang, KANG Yanyan, WANG Guifen
    2024, 42(4):12-20. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.002
    Abstract ( 40 ) HTML ( 5 ) PDF ( 15254KB ) ( 22 )   
  • The spatial characteristics of marine heatwaves and their influencing factors in the South China Sea
    PENG Xiaomeng, YU Yi, MA Wentao, YAN Yunwei
    2024, 42(4):21-33. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.003
    Abstract ( 49 ) HTML ( 5 ) PDF ( 20463KB ) ( 22 )   
  • A novel tracker for detecting tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific using reanalysis data
    GU Shutao, LIAN Tao
    2024, 42(4):34-42. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.004
    Abstract ( 30 ) HTML ( 2 ) PDF ( 8123KB ) ( 15 )   
  • Antarctic krill habitat suitability modeling based on timing parameters and long-term change analysis: A case study in the Cosmonauts Sea and D’Urville Sea
    TAN Yiyang, BAI Yan, LI Teng, ZHENG Xinyu, ZHANG Yinxue, ZHANG Yifan
    2024, 42(4):43-57. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.005
    Abstract ( 38 ) HTML ( 2 ) PDF ( 13090KB ) ( 14 )   
  • Distribution, flux and influencing factors of dissolved nitrous oxide in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in spring
    XING Mingyao, LIN Hua, YANG Zhi, WANG Bin, LI Yangjie, ZHANG Qianjiang, CHEN Qianna, ZHENG Hao, CHEN Jianfang
    2024, 42(4):58-69. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.006
    Abstract ( 28 ) HTML ( 3 ) PDF ( 17189KB ) ( 15 )   
  • The tectonic geomorphology and magmatic-tectonic activity in the 61°24'E-61°48'E segment of the Carlsberg Ridge in the Northwest Indian Ocean
    YE Shengyuan, HAN Xiqiu, LI Honglin
    2024, 42(4):70-82. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.007
    Abstract ( 27 ) HTML ( 3 ) PDF ( 23350KB ) ( 9 )   
  • Joint inversion of gravity and seismic along the CMD01 profile on the southwestern margin of Madagascar and analysis of crustal structure
    ZHANG Yongqi, TANG Yong, DONG Chongzhi, WU Zhaocai, LI He, GUO Chufeng, REN Jianye, CHAO Peng, YANG Tianyi
    2024, 42(4):83-99. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.008
    Abstract ( 30 ) HTML ( 1 ) PDF ( 37887KB ) ( 8 )   
  • Mechanism of deep-water international submarine cables damage: submarine earthquakes
    ZHANG Mengran, XIE Anyuan, HE Huizhong, LU Rong, TANG Minqiang
    2024, 42(4):100-113. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.009
    Abstract ( 65 ) HTML ( 2 ) PDF ( 18589KB ) ( 7 )   
  • Research on spatio-temperal evolution of landscape pattern in island group——A case study of Dongtou Archipelago
    HE Zhuoxi, GUO Fenfen, LAI Xianghua, HU Taojun, CHEN Qingsong
    2024, 42(4):114-122. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.010
    Abstract ( 38 ) HTML ( 4 ) PDF ( 13468KB ) ( 14 )   
  • Thermal infrared remote sensing advancements in monitoring thermal discharge from coastal power plants
    GU Jialin, LOU Xiulin, ZHANG Huaguo, CAO Wenting, BAI Yaoping
    2024, 42(4):123-137. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.011
    Abstract ( 39 ) HTML ( 5 ) PDF ( 28863KB ) ( 14 )   
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