海洋学研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 102-112.DOI: 10.3969-j.issn.1001-909X.2022.02.011

• • 上一篇    

长江口及邻近陆架海区夏季小型底栖动物群落结构研究

  

  1. 1.自然资源部第二海洋研究所，浙江 杭州 310012；
    2.自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310012；
    3.上海交通大学海洋学院，上海 200240
  • 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-06-15

Distribution of meiofauna in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent continental shelf area in summer#br#

  1. 1.Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China; 3.School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-15

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摘要： 根据2006年7月13日至8月30日在长江口及邻近陆架海区采集的小型底栖动物样品，对小型底栖动物类群组成，丰度、生物量的水平分布和垂直分布以及调查海区的环境因子进行了研究。结果表明：研究海域小型底栖动物有线虫、桡足类、多毛类、寡毛类、介形类、螨类、双壳类、腹毛类、动吻类、端足类和等足类等11个类群及无节幼体等。平均丰度为453.22±355.34 ind/10 cm2，最优势类群为线虫，占小型底栖动物总丰度的81.37%，次优势类群分别为底栖桡足类和多毛类，分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的10.13%和2.96%。平均生物量为622.65±505.07 μg/10 cm2，生物量占比最高的类群为多毛类，占总生物量的30.21%，其次分别为线虫和寡毛类，分别占小型底栖动物总生物量的23.69%和19.44%。水平分布上，从河口冲淡水区到东海陆架深水区，小型底栖生物丰度呈现由低到高的变化趋势，杭州湾小型底栖动物丰度为240.96±223.47 ind/10 cm2，长江口近岸区为442.91±304.16 ind/10 cm2，东海陆架深水区为865.42±553.88 ind/10 cm2。垂直分布上，小型底栖动物主要分布在0~2 cm层，丰度为290.28±250.03 ind/10 cm2；其次是2~5 cm层，丰度为132.81±128.74 ind/10 cm2；5~10 cm层分布最少，丰度为30.14±31.91 ind/10 cm2。其中线虫、多毛类、寡毛类与桡足类等主要类群的垂直分布与总分布趋势相同。与环境因子进行相关分析表明，调查海区小型底栖动物的丰度主要与水深、盐度和溶解氧显著相关，对小型底栖动物分布影响最大的环境因子组合为溶解氧和盐度。

关键词: 长江口, 小型底栖动物, 夏季, 丰度, 生物量

Abstract: The meiofaunal abundance and biomass in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent waters was evaluated based on samples collected from July 13 to August 30, 2006. The group composition, the horizontal and vertical distribution of abundance and biomass, environmental factor were analyzed. A total of 11 meiofauna groups and Naupius were found from the surveyed area, including Nematodes, Copepods, Polychaetes, Oligochaetes, Ostracoda, Acari, Bivalves, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Amphipods and Isopods. The results showed that average abundance was 453.22±355.34 ind/10 cm2. Nematode accounted for 81.37% of the total abundance of all meiofauna, followed by Copepod (10.13%) and Polychaetes (2.96%). The average biomass of the meiofauna was 622.65±505.07 μg/10 cm2. Polychaetes accounted for 30.21% of the total biomass of all meiofauna, followed by Nematode (23.69%) and Oligochaetes (19.44%). The horizontal distribution showed that the meiofaunal abundance increased from the estuary to the East China Sea Shelf. The average abundance in the Hangzhou Bay was 240.96±223.47 ind/10 cm2. The average abundance in the Changjiang Estuary was 442.91±304.16 ind/10 cm2. The average abundance in the East China Sea was 865.42±553.88 ind/10 cm2. The analysis of vertical distribution showed that the abundance of meiofauna decreased with the depth in the sediment. The highest abundance of meiofauna was 290.28±250.03 ind/10 cm2 in 0-2 cm layer. The second highest abundance of meiofauna was 132.81±128.74 ind/10 cm2 in 2-5 cm layer. The lowest abundance was 30.14±31.91 ind/10 cm2 in 5-10 cm layer. The Nematodes, Polychaetes, Oligochaetes, Copepods had the same vertical distribution trend. The correlation analysis of environmental factors indicated that dissolved oxygen, depth and salinity were the main factors to influence the meiofaunal abundance in the surveyed area. Result of BIOENV analysis showed that the best combination of environmental factor was dissolved oxygen and salinity.

Key words: the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary, meiofauna, summer, abundance, biomass

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