2010年5月与2013年6月黄、渤海大型底栖动物群落组成和结构的比较研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2017.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2010年5月和2013年6月采集的黄、渤海海域的大型底栖动物数据,对该海域大型底栖动物的种类组成和群落结构等进行了研究,对该海域大型底栖动物群落结构的时间和空间差异进行了分析,并利用AMBI和m-AMBI生物指数对各站位的生态质量状况进行了评估。研究结果表明:在2010年5月和2013年6月所采站位的大型底栖动物共有131种,其中软体动物和甲壳动物占据了较大比例的物种数量,分别为51种和42种;其次为鱼类、多毛类和棘皮动物。该海域的优势物种为日本鼓虾 Alpheus japonicus、日本褐虾 Crangon hakodatei、司氏盖蛇尾Stegophiura sladeni和奇异指纹蛤Acila mirabilis,其中司氏盖蛇尾具有最大的丰度和优势度。生物指数(AMBI和m-AMBI)的结果显示黄、渤海区域底栖生态环境仍相对稳定,但与历史资料比较得知,该海域大型底栖动物生存环境整体趋于恶化。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 黄、渤海, 群落组成和结构, 年际变化

Abstract: To elucidate the composition and structure of macrobenthic communities and their inter-annual variations in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, Agassiz trawling was conducted in May 2010 and June 2013. The composition and structure of macrobenthic communities in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea were revealed and analyzed, including species composition, dominant species, abundance, biomass and community structure, and AMBI and m-AMBI were also used to assess the ecological status. The results showed as follows: A total of 131 macrobenthic species were identified, with Mollusca (51 species) and Crustacea (42 species) as the dominant groups in these waters, followed by fishes, polychaetes and echinoderms. There were four species whose dominance were over 0.02, including Alpheus japonicus, Crangon hakodatei, Stegophiura sladeni and Acila mirabilis, of which Stegophiura sladeni had the highest abundance and dominance. The results of benthic biological indices (AMBI and m-AMBI) showed that the benthic ecological status in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was relatively stable, however, the benthic ecological quality had degraded during the last few decades when compared with historical data and published researches.

Key words: macrobenthos, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, community composition and structure, inter-annual variation

中图分类号:

Q178.53

李帅, 吕腾腾, 韩庆功, 郑俊勇, 韩庆喜. 2010年5月与2013年6月黄、渤海大型底栖动物群落组成和结构的比较研究[J]. 海洋学研究, 2017, 35(1): 86-94.

LI Shuai, LÜ Teng-teng, HAN Qing-gong, ZHENG Jun-yong, HAN Qing-xi. Comparison of composition and structure of macrobenthic communities in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea in May 2010 and June 2013[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2017, 35(1): 86-94.

参考文献

[1] LI Rong-guan. Macrobenthos on the continental shelves and adjacent waters, China[M]. Beijing:China Ocean Press,2003.
李荣冠.中国海陆架及邻近海域大型底栖生物[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.
[2] LI Xin-zheng, LIU Lu-san, LI Bao-quan. Macrobenthos from China Seas: Study and practice[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press,2010.
李新正,刘录三,李宝泉.中国海洋大型底栖生物——研究与实践[M].北京:海洋出版社,2010.
[3] SHEN Guo-ying, HUANG Ling-feng, GUO Feng, et al. Marine ecology[M]. The third edition. Beijing: Science Press,2010.
沈国英,黄凌风,郭丰,等.海洋生态学[M].第三版.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[4] PEARSON T H, ROSENBERG R. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment[J]. Oceanographic Marine Biology Annual Review,1978,16:229-311.
[5] CAI Li-zhe. New methods studies on environmental quality assessment in bays and estuaries: Using benthos[D]. Xiamen: Xiamen University,2003.
蔡立哲.河口港湾沉积环境质量的底栖生物评价新方法研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2003.
[6] GESTEIRA J L G, DAUVIN J C, FRAGA M S. Taxonomic level for assessing oil spill effects on soft-bottom sublittoral benthic communities[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46(5):562-572.
[7] HAN Q, WANG Y, ZHANG Y, et al. Effects of intensive scallop mariculture on macrobenthic assemblages in Sishili Bay, the northern Yellow Sea of China[J]. Hydrobiologia,2013,718(1):1-15.
[8] JENNY J P, FRANCUS P, NORMANDEAR A, et al. Global spread of hypoxia in freshwater ecosystems during the last three centuries is caused by rising local human pressure[J]. Global Change Biology,2015,22(4):1 481-1 489.
[9] YU Zi-shan, ZHANG Zhi-nan, HAN Jie. Primary study on secondary production of macrobenthos in Bohai Sea[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2001,31(6):867-871.
于子山,张志南,韩洁.渤海大型底栖动物次级生产力的初步研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2001,31(6):867-871.
[10] EDGAR G J, BARRETT N S. Benthic macrofauna in Tasmanian estuaries: scales of distribution and relationships with environmental variables[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology,2002,270(1):1-24.
[11] KANAYA G, NAKAMURA Y, KOIZUMI T, et al. Seasonal changes in infaunal community structure in a hypertrophic brackish canal: Effects of hypoxia, sulfide, and predator-prey interaction[J]. Marine Environmental Research,2015,108:14-23.
[12] SU Ji-lan, TANG Qi-sheng. Study on ecosystem in coastal ocean II Dynamics of the Bohai Sea Ecosystem[M]. Beijing: Science Press,2002:445.
苏纪兰,唐启升.中国海洋生态系统动力学研究II渤海生态系统动力学过程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:445.
[13] JIN Xian-shi. The dynamics of major fishery resources in the Bohai Sea[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2000,7(4):22-26.
金显仕.渤海主要渔业生物资源变化的研究[J].中国水产科学,2000,7(4):22-26.
[14] HU Hao-yan, HUANG Bei, TANG Jing-liang. Study on benthic ecology in coastal waters of Bohai and Yellow Seas[J]. Donghai Marine Science,2000,18(4):39-46.
胡颢琰,黄备,唐静亮.渤、黄海近岸海域底栖生物生态研究[J].东海海洋,2000,18(4):39-46.
[15] LIU Rui-yu, CUI Yu-yan, XU Feng-shan, et al. Ecological characteristics of benthic in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J]. Studia Marina Sinica,1986,27:153-173.
刘瑞玉,崔玉珩,徐凤山,等.黄海、东海底栖生物的生态特点[J].海洋科学集刊,1986,27:153-173.
[16] LI Xin-zheng. An overview of studies on marine macrobenthic biodiversity from Chinese waters: principally from the Yellow Sea[J]. Biodiversity Science,2011,19(6):676-684.
李新正.我国海洋大型底栖生物多样性研究及展望:以黄海为例[J].生物多样性,2011,19(6):676-684.
[17] The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. GBT 12763.6—2007 Oceanographic survey Part 6 Census of marine life[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press,2008.
国家质量技术监督局.GBT 12763.6—2007海洋调查规范第6部分海洋生物调查[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[18] XU Zhao-li, CHEN Ya-qu. Aggregated intensity of dominate species of zooplankton in autumn in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea[J]. Journal of Ecology,1989,8(4):13-15.
徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[19] BORJA Á, MUXIKA I. Guidelines for the use of AMBI (AZTI's Marine Biotic Index) in the assessment of the benthic ecological quality[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005,50(7):787-789.
[20] CLERK K R, GORLEY R N. PRIMER v5: User manual/tutorial[M]. Plymouth: PRIMER-E Ltd,2001.
[21] MUXIKA I, BORJA Á, BONNE W. The suitability of the marine biotic index (AMBI) to new impact sources along European coasts[J]. Ecological Indicators,2005,5(1):19-31.
[22] SHERMAN K. Large marine ecosystem as global units for marine resources management an ecological perspective[M]//Large marine ecosystems: stress, mitigation, and sustainability. AAAS Press,1993:3-4.
[23] CHENG Ji-sheng.Structure and diversity of invertebrate resources in the Yellow Sea[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2005,12(1):68-75.
程济生.黄海无脊椎动物资源结构及多样性[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(1):68-75.
[24] LIU Lu-san, MENG Wei, ZHENG Bing-hui, et al. Studies on macrobenthos in the northern waters of Liaodong Bay:Ⅰ. Species composition and number distribution[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(6):118-123.
刘录三,孟伟,郑丙辉,等.辽东湾北部海域大型底栖动物研究:Ⅰ.种类组成与数量分布[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(6):118-123.
[25] LIAO Yu-lin. Chinese journal of animal: Invertebrates echinoderms serpentine[M]. Beijing: Science Press,2004.
廖玉麟.中国动物志:无脊椎动物第四十卷棘皮动物门蛇尾纲[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[26] FENG Jian-feng, WANG Xiu-ming, MENG Wei-qing, et al. Characteristics of macrobenthos community structure change in Tianjin coastal waters in summer[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(20):5 875-5 885.
冯剑丰,王秀明,孟伟庆,等.天津近岸海域夏季大型底栖生物群落结构变化特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5 875-5 885.
[27] LENG Yu, LIU Yi-ting, DU Ming, et al. Temporal and spatial changes of macrobenthos community in the Yellow River Estuary in spring,2004-2009[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2013,35(6):128-139.
冷宇,刘一霆,杜明,等.黄河口海域2004—2009年春季大型底栖动物群落的时空变化[J].海洋学报,2013,35(6):128-139.
[28] ZHOU Ran, QIN Xue-bo, PENG Shi-tao, et al. Investigation on macrozoobenthos in Bohai Bay and its correlation with environmental factors[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(1):50-58.
周然,覃雪波,彭士涛,等.渤海湾大型底栖动物调查及与环境因子的相关性[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):50-58.
[29] ZHANG Jun-long. Diversity and community structure of macrobenthic fauna in the Yellow Sea[D]. Qingdao: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,2012.
张均龙.黄海大型底栖动物多样性与群落结构研究[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2012.
[30] LIU Rui-yu. Study on geographical science about shrimp animal in the Yellow sea and China East seas[J]. Oceanologia & Limnologia Sinica,1963,5(3):230-244.
刘瑞玉.黄、东海虾类动物地理学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1963,5(3):230-244.
[31] FAN Ying, SHI Shu-jie, HU Er, et al. Study on species composition and community structure of macrozoobenthos in the Bohai Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2014,36(12):53-66.
范颖,史书杰,华尔,等.渤海大型底栖动物种类组成与群落结构研究[J].海洋学报,2014,36(12):53-66.
[32] HAN Qing-xi, LI Bao-quan, HAN Qiu-ying, et al. Preliminary study of the impact of fishery trawling on epifauna community in the coastal water of Weihai Port[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,2011,30(2):121-126.
韩庆喜,李宝泉,韩秋影,等.渔业捕捞对威海港附近海域底上大型底栖群落结构影响的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2011,30(2):121-126.
[33] LI Bao-quan, LI Xin-zheng, WANG Hong-fa, et al. Community characteristics of macrobenthic fauna in the waters near Changjiang Estuary[J]. Current Zoology,2007,53(1):76-82.
李宝泉,李新正,王洪法,等.长江口附近海域大型底栖动物群落特征[J].动物学报,2007,53(1):76-82.
[34] CAI Wen-qian, MENG Wei, LIU Lu-san, et al. Macrozoobenthos community structure of the Bohai Bay in spring time[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(5):1 458-1 466.
蔡文倩,孟伟,刘录三,等.春季渤海湾大型底栖动物群落结构特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(5):1 458-1 466.
[35] GAO X L, ZHOU F X, CHEN C T A. Pollution status of the Bohai Sea: An overview of the environmental quality assessment related trace metals[J]. Environment International,2014,62:12-30.
[36] HANDLEY S J, WILLIS T J, COLE R G, et al. The importance of benchmarking habitat structure and composition for understanding the extent of fishing impacts in soft sediment ecosystems[J]. Journal of Sea Research,2014,86:58-68.
[37] JIN Xian-shi. The change of community structure of nekton in the waters of southern Shandong Peninsula in spring[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2003,27(1):19-24.
金显仕.山东半岛南部水域春季游泳动物群落结构的变化[J].水产学报,2003,27(1):19-24.
[38] CHENG Ji-sheng, YU Lian-fu. The change of structure and diversity of demersal fish communities in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in winter[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(1):29-34.
程济生,俞连福.黄、东海冬季底层鱼类群落结构及多样性变化[J].水产学报,2004,28(1):29-34.
[39] DENG Jing-yao, MENG Tian-xiang, REN Sheng-min, et al. Fish species composition and quantity distribution in the Bohai Sea[J]. Marine Fisheries Research,1988,9(1):11-89.
邓景耀,孟田湘,任胜民,等.渤海鱼类种类组成及数量分布[J].海洋水产研究,1988,9(1):11-89.
[40] JIN Xian-shi, ZHAO Xian-yong, MENG Tian-xiang, et al. Biological resource and habitat environment of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea[M]. Bejing: Science Press,2005:126-132.
金显仕,赵宪勇,孟田湘,等.黄、渤海生物资源与栖息环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:126-132.
[41] Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Bureau. China fishery statistical yearbook,2013[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press,2013.
农业部渔业局.2013中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[42] TANG Qi-sheng, YE Mao-zhong. Exploitation and protection of fishery resources in Shandong coastal waters[M]. Beijing: Agriculture Press,1990.
唐启升,叶懋中.山东近海渔业资源开发与保护[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.
[43] HAN Qing-xi, LI Xin-zheng. Records of the Crangonidae(Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) species from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[J]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,35(1):227-239.
韩庆喜,李新正.黄、渤海褐虾科(甲壳动物亚门,软甲纲,十足目)记述[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(1):227-239.
[44] HAN Qing-xi, LI Xin-zheng. Review of the ecology of Crangon hakodatei rathbun,1902 in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Gulf[J]. Crustaceana,2015,88(4):466-484.
[45] HOEY G V, PERMUY D C, VANDENDRIESSCHE S, et al. An ecological quality status assessment procedure for soft-sediment benthic habitats: Weighing alternative approaches[J]. Ecological Indicators,2013,25:266-278.
[46] BIGOT L, GRÉARE A, AMOUROUX J M, et al. Assessment of the ecological quality status of soft-bottoms in Reunion Island (tropical Southwest Indian Ocean) using AZTI marine biotic indices[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2008,56(4):704-722.
[47] CAI Wen-qian, MENG Wei, LIU Lu-san, et al. Assessment of benthic eco-environmental quality in the Yangtze River Estuary by AMBI and m-AMBI[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,34(5):1 725-1 734.
蔡文倩,孟伟,刘录三,等.长江口海域底栖生态环境质量评价-AMBI和M-AMBI法[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1 725-1 734.
[48] CASWELL H. A general formula for the sensitivity of populationgrowth rate to changes in life history parameters[J]. Theoretical Population Biology,1978,14(2):215-230.