冬季吕宋岛西北海域频繁出现藻华现象,本文使用吕宋岛西北部海域1999年11月至2015年2月共16 a冬季多卫星融合水色遥感资料,利用经验正交函数(EOF)分解方法对长时间序列的Chl-a质量浓度的时空变化进行分析讨论,并结合海表温度(SST)、风速(WS)、海面高度异常(SLA)等数据以及上述数据计算获得的相关物理环境参数,分析其与海表Chl-a质量浓度之间的关系,探讨吕宋岛西北海域海表Chl-a质量浓度的时空分布规律以及Chl-a质量浓度与周边环境的响应关系。研究结果表明通常冬季吕宋岛西北海域海表均会出现大约以(19°N,119°E)为中心的高Chl-a质量浓度现象,平行海岸的风应力以及风应力涡旋引起冬季上升流,增加了营养盐的输入,很可能是该区域藻华形成的主要机制。同时背景流场的平流效应很可能诱发上升流区域与叶绿素藻华区中心不一致,可能引起了藻华中心的北移。
Abstract
The phenomenon of phytoplankton blooms in the northwest of Luzon Island is frequently observed in winter. In our study, using the multi-satellite merged ocean color remote sensing data from November 1999 to February 2015 in the northwestern region of Luzon Island, the spatial and temporal changes of Chl-a concentration in long time series were investigated by means of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition method and multiple correlation analysis(MCA). Combined with physical environmental parameters such as wind speed(WS), sea surface temperature(SST) and sea level anomalies(SLA), the relationship between Chl-a and surrounding sea environments was then investigated in the study. The results show that centers of winter Chl-a blooms in northwest of Luzon Island appear often at the location of about (19°N, 119°E). Significant multiple correlation coefficient (R=0.782 6, P<0.05) from the multiple correlation analysis between Chl-a and oceanic conditions indicates that the wind parallel to the coastline and the wind stress curls enhance winter upwelling in the study area, increasing the input of the nutrients into the upper layer, which is probably the main mechanism of the formation of phytoplankton blooms in the area. At the same time, the advection effect of the background flow field is likely to induce the upwelling area to be inconsistent with the center of phytoplankton blooms, triggering the phenomenon that the centers of phytoplankton blooms shifted northward along with the water body in the area.
关键词
吕宋岛 /
冬季浮游植物藻华 /
上升流 /
EOF分析 /
叶绿素
Key words
Luzon Island /
winter phytoplankton blooms /
upwelling /
EOF analysis /
chlorophyll
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] TANG S, DONG Q, LIU F. Climate-driven chlorophyll-a, concentration interannual variability in the South China Sea[J]. Theoretical & Applied Climatology, 2011, 103(1-2):229-237.
[2] SMITH V H. Responses of estuarine and coastal marine phytoplankton to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment[J]. Limnology & Oceanography, 2006, 51(1part2):377-384.
[3] WERDELL P J, BAILEY S W, FRANZ B A, et al. Regional and seasonal variability of chlorophyll-a in Chesapeake Bay as observed by SeaWiFS and MODIS-Aqua[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2009, 113(6):1 319-1 330.
[4] SU Ji-lan. China offshore hydrography[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2005.
苏纪兰. 中国近海水文[M]. 北京:海洋出版社, 2005.
[5] NING X, CHAI F, XUE H, et al. Physical-biological oceanographic coupling influencing phytoplankton and primary production in the South China Sea[M].Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 2004, 109(C10005):1-20.
[6] SVERDRUP H U, MUNK W H. Empirical and theoretical relations between wind, sea, and swell[J]. Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union, 1946, 27(6):823-827.
[7] SHAW P T. The seasonal variation of the intrusion of the Philippine sea water into the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1991, 96(C1): 821-828.
[8] TANG D L, NI I H, KESTER D R, et al. Remote sensing observations of winter phytoplankton blooms southwest of the Luzon Strait in the South China Sea[J]. Marine Ecology Progress, 1999, 191(3):43-51.
[9] LIU K K, CHAO S Y, SHAW P T, et al. Monsoon-forced chlorophyll distribution and primary production in the South China Sea: Observations and a numerical study[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2002, 49(8):1 387-1 412.
[10] ZHAO H, TANG D L. Effect of 1998 El Niño on the distribution of phytoplankton in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 2007, 112(C2): 117-128.
[11] CHEN C C, SHIAH F K, CHUNG S W, et al. Winter phytoplankton blooms in the shallow mixed layer of the South China Sea enhanced by upwelling[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2006, 59(1):97-110.
[12] PEN~AFLOR E L, VILLANOY C L, LIU C T, et al. Detection of monsoonal phytoplankton blooms in Luzon Strait with MODIS data[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2007, 109(4):443-450.
[13] WANG J J, TANG D L, SUI Y, Winter phytoplankton bloom induced by subsurface upwelling and mixed layer entrainment southwest of Luzon Strait[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2010, 83(3-4): 141-149.
[14] ZHAO HUI, SUI DAN-DAN, XIE QIANG, et al. Distribution and interannual variation of winter phytoplankton blooms northwest of Luzon Islands from satellite observations[J]. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 2012, 15(1):53-61.
[15] SHANG S, LI L, LI J, et al. Phytoplankton bloom during the northeast monsoon in the Luzon Strait bordering the Kuroshio[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012, 124(9):38-48.
[16] CAI S, LONG X, WU R, et al. Geographical and monthly variability of the first baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2008, 74(1):711-720.
[17] TANG D L, KAWAMURA H, DIEN T V, et al. Offshore phytoplankton biomass increase and its oceanographic causes in the South China Sea[J]. Marine Ecology: Progress series, 2004, 268(1):31-41.
[18] SIEGEL H, OHDE T, GERTH M, et al. Identification of Coccolithophore blooms in the SE Atlantic Ocean off Namibia by satellites and in-situ methods[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2007, 27(2):258-274.
[19] GONG G C, LIU K K, LIU C T, et al. The Chemical hydrography of the South China Sea west of Luzon and a comparison with the west Philippine Sea[J]. Terrestrial Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, 1992, 3(4):587-602.
[20] SHAW P T, CHAO S Y, LIU K K, et al. Winter upwelling off Luzon in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 1996, 101(C7):16 435-16 448.
[21] QU T. Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2000, 30(6): 1 450-1 460.
[22] CHAO S Y, SHAW P T, AND WU S Y. Deep water ventilation in the South China Sea[J]. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 1996. 43(4): 445-466.
[23] TANG D L, KESTER D R, NI I H, et al. Upwelling in the Taiwan Strait during the summer monsoon detected by satellite and shipboard measurements[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2002, 83(3):457-471.
[24] LIN Li-ru, ZHAO Hui. Analysis on the relations between sea surface temperature and phytoplankton Chlorphyll-a in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Sciences, 2012,30(4): 46-54.
林丽茹,赵辉. 南海海域浮游植物叶绿素与海表温度季节变化特征分析[J]. 海洋学研究, 2012,30(4):46-54.
[25] SHI Mao-chong, XUE Hui-jie, CHAI Fei. Formation of the Luzon current and Luzon cyclonic gyre[C]//China Oceanography Collection: Numerical study of ocean current and research on mesoscale characteristics in the South China Sea. 2001:76-89.
侍茂崇, 薛惠洁, 柴扉. 吕宋海流与吕宋涡旋形成机制研究[C]//中国海洋学文集——南海海流数值计算及中尺度特征研究. 2001:76-89.
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(41376125);广东省高等学校优秀青年教师培养计划项目资助(Yq2014004);广东省普通高校国际暨港澳台合作创新平台及国际合作重大项目资助(2015KGJHZ017)
PDF(4486 KB)
