浮游动物作为海洋生物的重要类群,对气候变化及人类活动都具有较高的敏感性。本文基于2004—2015年渤海湾夏季浮游动物监测资料,分析了浮游动物的群落结构及物种变动特征,并探讨了群落变动与环境因子的关系。结果表明,2004—2015年,渤海湾夏季浮游动物群落的种类数和生物多样性总体呈上升趋势。渤海湾浮游动物分属于7个门类,其中节肢动物门和腔肠动物门种类数最多,近年来物种数增长最快。12 a间,渤海湾浮游动物群落组成发生了显著变化,中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus、真刺唇角水蚤Labidocera euchaeta等大中型桡足类数量逐渐下降,太平洋纺锤水蚤Acartia pacifica、背针胸刺水蚤Centropages dorsispinatus等小型桡足类及异体住囊虫Oikopleura dioica、锡兰和平水母Eirene ceylonensis等胶质类浮游动物数量逐渐增加。渤海湾浮游动物的群落变化主要与温度、盐度、营养盐等环境因子密切相关。
Abstract
As one of the most important marine groups, zooplankton are very sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic activities. In this study, the structures and variations of zooplankton community were considered on the basis of monitoring data in Bohai Bay in the summer from 2004 to 2015, and the relationship between the zooplankton and environmental variables was examined. Results showed that species number and biodiversity indices of zooplankton appeared an increasing trend in Bohai Bay. Among 7 phyla identified, two major groups of Arthropoda and Coelenterata showed an increasing abundance in recent years. As a result, the zooplankton composition in the Bohai Bay had changed dramatically during 12 years: the number of large-sized copepods such as Calanus sinicus and Labidocera euchaeta had decreased gradually, while small copepods such as Acartia pacifica and Centropages dorsispinatus as well as gelatinous zooplankton such as Oikopleura dioica and Eirene ceylonensis had expanded. It was revealed that the zooplankton community variation mainly related with the environmental variables such as changes in temperature, salinity and nutrients concentration in Bohai Bay.
关键词
渤海湾 /
浮游动物 /
群落变化 /
环境因子
Key words
Bohai Bay /
zooplankton /
community variation /
environmental variables
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] State Oceanic Administration. Bulletin of China marine environmental status[Z]. Beijing: State Oceanic Administration, 2017.
国家海洋局. 2016年中国海洋环境状况公报[Z]. 北京: 国家海洋局, 2017.
[2] ALISTAIR J H, THOMAS A O, ELVIRA S P, et al. Impact of climate change on Australian marine life[R]. Australia: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, 2006.
[3] EDWARDS M, RICHARDSON A J. Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology andtrophic mismatch [J]. Nature, 2004, 430(7 002): 881-884.
[4] YI Li-xia, CAO Chun-hui. Studies on the zooplankton of Tianjin Sea Area in the Bohai Bay[J]. Journal of Salt and Chemical Industry, 2007, 36(3): 39-41.
衣丽霞, 曹春晖. 渤海湾天津附近海域的浮游动物研究[J]. 盐业与化工, 2007, 36(3): 39-41.
[5] FAN Kai, LI Qing-xue. Community of zooplankton and assessment to water quality in Bohai Bay[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2007, 35(6):1 697-1 699.
范凯, 李清雪. 渤海湾浮游动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2007, 35(6): 1 697-1 699.
[6] MA Yu-yan, ZHANG Qiu-feng, XU Yu-shan, et al. The status and variation of basic biological resources in the Bohai Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2013, 32(6): 845-850.
马玉艳, 张秋丰, 徐玉山, 等. 渤海湾基础生物资源现状及其变化趋势[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2013, 32(6): 845-850.
[7] WANG Yu, FANG En-jun, GUO Biao, et al. Zooplankton co-mmunity structure and its relationship with environmental factors in spring of Bohai Bay in Tianjin sea area[J]. Marine Fisheries, 2014, 36(4): 300-305.
王宇, 房恩军, 郭彪, 等. 渤海湾天津海域春季浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 海洋渔业, 2014, 36(4): 300-305.
[8] GAO Wen-sheng, LIU Xian-bin, ZHANG Qiu-feng, et al. Species diversity of zooplankton in the coastal area of Bohai Bay[J]. Marine Sciences, 2014, 38(4): 55-60.
高文胜, 刘宪斌, 张秋丰, 等. 渤海湾近岸海域浮游动物多样性[J]. 海洋科学, 2014, 38(4): 55-60.
[9] GB/T 12763.1—2007 Specifications for oceanographic survey [S]. Beijing: Chinese Specification Press, 2007.
GB/T 12763.1—2007 海洋调查规范[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2007.
[10] WANG Wen-jie. Studies on the mesozooplankton and microzooplankton community in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent area in summer and autumn[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2011.
王文杰. 夏、秋季黄河口及其邻近海域中小型浮游动物群落生态学研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2011.
[11] LI Xi-bin, ZHANG Qiu-feng, NIU Fu-xin, et al. Numerical studies of Bohai Bay water exchange[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2013, 31(3): 83-88.
李希彬, 张秋丰, 牛福新, 等. 渤海湾水交换的数值研究[J]. 海洋学研究, 2013, 31(3): 83-88.
[12] HY/T 080—2005 Technical specification for coastal wetland eco-monitoring[S]. Beijing: Chinese Specification Press, 2008.
HY/T 080—2005 滨海湿地生态监测技术规程[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
[13] CHEN Hong-ju, LIU Guang-xing, HUANG You-song. Spatial distribution character of zooplankton species diversity in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2015, 45(8): 46-51.
陈洪举, 刘光兴, 黄有松. 黄、东海浮游动物物种多样性分布特征[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2015, 45(8): 46-51.
[14] WANG Xiao. Study on zooplankton ecology of South Yellow Sea in spring and autumn[D]. Qingdao: The first Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 2009.
王晓. 春、秋季南黄海浮游动物生态学研究[D]. 青岛: 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 2009.
[15] DENG Bang-ping, XU Ren, LIU Cai-cai, et al. Distribution characteristics of zooplankton communities in offshore waters of the Southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in summer[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2015, 11(4): 11-19.
邓邦平, 徐韧, 刘材材, 等. 夏季黄海南部和东海近海浮游动物群落分布特征[J]. 南方水产科学, 2015, 11(4): 11-19.
[16] XU Zhen-zu, HUANG Jia-qi, LIN Mao, et al. The Superclass Hydrozoa of the Phylum Cnidaria in China[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2014.
许振祖, 黄家祺, 林茂, 等. 中国刺胞动物门水螅虫总纲[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2014.
[17] ZHENG Xiang-rong, LI Yan, ZHANG Hai-peng, et al. Investigation of macro-jellyfish biomass in the Hebei coast[J]. Hebei Fisheries, 2014 (1): 15-18.
郑向荣, 李燕, 张海鹏, 等. 河北沿海大型水母生物量调查[J]. 河北渔业, 2014(1):15-18.
[18] XU Zhao-li, GAO Qian. Labidocera euchaeta: Its distribution in Yangtze River Estuary and responses to global warming[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(5): 1 196-1 201.
徐兆礼, 高倩. 长江口海域真刺唇角水蚤的分布及其对全球变暖的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(5): 1 196-1 201.
[19] ZHU Yan-zhong. Study on the macro-zooplankton and meso-zooplankton community ecology in the North Yellow Sea in summer and winter[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2008.
朱延忠. 夏、冬季北黄海大中型浮游动物群落生态学研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2008.
[20] BI Hong-sheng, SUN Song, GAO Shang-wu, et al. The ecological characteristics of zooplankton community in the Bohai Sea II: The distribution of copepoda abundance and seasonal dynamics[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2001, 21(2): 177-185.
毕洪生, 孙松, 高尚武, 等. 渤海浮游动物群落生态特点II: 桡足类数量分布及变动[J]. 生态学报, 2001, 21(2): 177-185.
基金
国家重点研发计划“海洋环境安全保障”重点专项项目资助(2016YFC1401906)
PDF(2269 KB)
