三亚东部近岸海域表层沉积物重金属元素地球化学特征及环境质量评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2018.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文对三亚东部近岸海域表层沉积物中7种重金属元素的地球化学特征和空间分布特征进行了研究,并应用地积累指数法和尼梅罗综合指数法对各重金属的污染程度进行了评价。研究发现, 三亚东部近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属含量总体较低,符合《海洋沉积物质量》一类标准,大多数重金属元素含量的空间分布主要受元素的“粒度控制律”制约,其物质来源主要为陆源细粒沉积。地积累指数法和尼梅罗综合指数法的评价结果均表明,研究区表层沉积物的重金属未达到污染程度,属清洁状态,环境质量良好。

关键词: 表层沉积物, 重金属, 地积累指数, 尼梅罗综合指数, 三亚东部

Abstract: The geochemical characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of 7 heavy metal elements in the surface sediments from the offshore area of eastern Sanya were studied, and the degree of pollution was assessed by using the index of geoaccumulation and the Nemerow comprehensive index methods. It is found that the content of heavy metals in the surface sediments from the offshore area of eastern Sanya are lower than the average value of elemental content in the neritic sediments of China,and the content of heavy metals conforms to the standard of Marine Sediment QualityⅠ, and the spatial distribution of the most heavy metal elements approximately follows the elemental particle-size control law. The provenances of heavy metals in this area are mainly from the terrigenous fine-grained sediments. The results of the index of geoaccumulation and the Nemerow comprehensive index methods all indicate that the heavy metals in the surface sediments of the study area are below pollution level and belong clean condition, the environment of surface sediments is fine.

Key words: surface sediment, heavy metal, index of geoaccumulation, Nemerow comprehensive index, eastern Sanya

中图分类号:

P736.4
X826

张从伟, 李亮, 龙根元, 张匡华, 李江涛. 三亚东部近岸海域表层沉积物重金属元素地球化学特征及环境质量评价[J]. 海洋学研究, 2018, 36(2): 55-63.

ZHANG Cong-wei, LI Liang, LONG Gen-yuan, ZHANG Kuang-hua, LI Jiang-tao. Geochemical characteristics and environmental assessment of heavy metal elements in surface sediments from the offshore area of eastern Sanya[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2018, 36(2): 55-63.

参考文献

[1] JIN Lu, CHU Feng-you, ZHAO Jian-ru, et al.An evaluation on heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments of northwestern part of South China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Sciences, 2011,29(2):24-34.
金路,初凤友,赵建如,等.南海西北部浅海沉积物重金属污染的综合评价[J].海洋学研究,2011,29(2):24-34.
[2] FERNANDESH M.Heavy metal distribution in sediments and ecological risk assessment: The role of diagenetic processes in reducing metal toxicity in bottom sediments[J].Environmental Pollution, 1997,97(3):317-325.
[3] ZHANG Xiao-hui, HUANG Gen-hua, ZENG De-xiang, et al.Distribution features and evaluation on potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments nearby Hebao Island, Pearl River Estuary[J].Journal of Marine Sciences, 2013,31(4):49-55.
张晓辉,黄根华,曾德相,等.珠江口荷包岛近岸海域沉积物重金属分布及其潜在生态危害评价[J].海洋学研究,2013,31(4):49-55.
[4] CUI Yi, XIN Fu-yan, MA Shao-sai, et al. Pollution of heavy metals in sediments and its evaluation of potential ecological harm in Rushan Bay, Shandong Peninsula[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2005, 12(1):82-89.
崔毅,辛福言,马绍赛,等.乳山湾沉积物重金属污染及其生态危害评价[J].中国水产科学, 2005, 12(1):82-89.
[5] YANG Chun-lin, OU-YANG Tong, ZHANG Luo-ping, et al. Speciations of heavy metals in the surface sediments from Xiamen western harbor[J]. Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science,2007, 46(Sup.1):89-93.
杨春霖,欧阳通,张珞平,等.厦门西海域表层沉积物中重金属的赋存形态[J] .厦门大学学报:自然科学版, 2007, 46(增刊1):89-93.
[6] YANG Yong-qiang. The distribution, speciation and the potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent shelf[D].Guangzhou: Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,2007.
杨永强.珠江口及近海沉积物中重金属元素的分布赋存形态及其潜在生态风险评价[D].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2007.
[7] SHE Hai-yan. Introduction of the absorption-desorption of heavy metals in the sediment of rivers and lakes[J]. Chemical Engineer,2005(7):30-33.
佘海燕.河湖沉积物对重金属吸附-解吸的研究概况[J]. 化学工程师,2005(7):30-33.
[8] ALMEIDA C M, MUCHA A P, VASCONCELOS M T. Influence of the sea rush Juncus maritimus on metal concentration and speciation in estuarine sediment colonized by the plant[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2004, 38(11):3 112-3 118.
[9] ZHENG Zhi-xia, PAN Cheng-rong, DING Fan. Distribution and environmental pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Chaohu lake, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(1):161-165.
郑志侠,潘成荣,丁凡.巢湖表层沉积物中重金属的分布及污染评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(1):161-165.
[10] FENG Huan, KIRK COCHRAN J, LWIZA H, et al. Distribution of heavy metal and PCB contaminants in the sediments of an urban estuary:The Hudson River[J].Marine Environmental Research, 1998, 45(1):69-88.
[11] WANG Hai, WANG Chun-xia, WANG Zi-jian.Speciations of heavy metals in surface sediment of Taihu lake[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2002, 21(5):430-435.
王海,王春霞,王子健.太湖表层沉积物中重金属的形态分析[J].环境化学, 2002, 21(5):430-435.
[12] TANG Bo, XU Dong, JIN Lu, et al. Enrichment characteristics and pollution assessment of dispersed elements in the surface sediment around Hainan Island waters[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences,2013, 31(3):89-96.
唐博,许冬,金路,等.海南岛近海表层沉积物分散元素的富集特征与污染评价[J]. 海洋学研究, 2013, 31(3):89-96.
[13] CHEN Hong-jun, CAI Guan-qiang, CUI Zhao-guo, et al. Distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of northwestern south China sea and pollution assessment[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2013,29(1):43-50.
陈泓君,蔡观强,崔兆国,等.南海西北部表层沉积物重金属分布特征与污染评价[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2013,29(1):43-50.
[14] ZHANG Yu-Feng, WU Zheng-Hua, WANG Ning, et al. An investigation of heavy metal pollution in the bays in the south of Hainan islands[J]. Journal of Nanjing University:Natural Sciences, 2002, 39(1):81-90.
张宇峰,武正华,王宁,等. 海南南岸港湾海水和沉积物重金属污染研究[J]. 南京大学学报:自然科学版, 2002, 39(1):81-90.
[15] XIA Nan, XUE Gui-cheng, FU Yang-rong, et al. Analysis of ecological risk and the content situation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hainan island's inshore[J]. Resources Environment & Engineering, 2011, 25(3):244-247.
夏南,薛桂澄,傅杨荣,等. 海南岛近海表层沉积物中重金属元素含量状况及生态风险分析[J]. 资源环境与工程, 2011, 25(3):244-247.
[16] GB 17378—2007 The specification for marine monitoring[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China,2008.
GB 17378—2007海洋监测规范[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[17] GB/T 20260—2006 Chemcial analysis methods for marine sediment[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.
GB/T 20260—2006 海底沉积物化学分析方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[18] GB/T12763.8—2007 Specifications for oceanographic survey——Part 8: Marine geology and geophysics survey[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
GB/T12763.8—2007 海洋调查规范第8部分: 海洋地质地球物理调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[19] GB/T 14506.28—2010 Methods for chemical analysis of silicate rocks—Part 28: Determination of 16 major and minor elements content[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2011.
GB/T 14506.28—2010 硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法:第28部分 16个主次成分量测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[20] FORSTNER U. Lecture notes in earth sciences(contaminated sediments)[M]. Berlin:Dpringer Verlag,1989: 107-109.
[21] FORSTNER U, AHLF W, CALMANO W, et al. Sediment criteria development contributions from environmental geochemistry to water quality management[M]//HELING D,ROTHE P,FORSTNER U,et al. Sediments and environmental geochemistry:selected aspects and case histories. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Verlag,1990: 311-338.
[22] ZHOU Xiu-yan, WANG En-de. Method on how to apply index of geoaccumulation to evaluate heavy metal pollution as result of inter-tidal sediments in Liaodong bay[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2004, 4(2):22-24.
周秀艳,王恩德.辽东湾潮间带底质重金属污染地累积指数评价[J].安全与环境学报, 2004, 4(2):22-24.
[23] CHEN Qian-kun, LIU Tao, HU Zhi-xin, et al. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from the lakes of west Jiangsu province[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013,32(5):1 044-1 050.
陈乾坤,刘涛,胡志新,等.江苏省西部湖泊表层沉积物中重金属分布特征及其潜在生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报, 2013,32(5):1 044-1 050.
[24] JIA Zhen-bang, ZHOU Hua, ZHAO Zhi-jie, et al. The application of the index of geoaccumulation to evaluate heavy metal pollution in sediments in the Benxi section of the Taizi river[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2000,36(4):525-530.
贾振邦,周华,赵智杰,等. 应用地积累指数法评价太子河沉积物中重金属污染[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版, 2000,36(4):525-530.
[25] GB 18668—2002 Marine sediment quality[S].2002.
GB 18668—2002 海洋沉积物质量[S].2002.
[26] MA Cheng-ling, ZHOU Jian-min, WANG Huo-yan, et al. Methods for assessment of heavy metal pollution in cropland soils:A case study of Changshu[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2006,22(1):48-53.
马成玲,周健民,王火焰,等.农田土壤重金属污染评价方法研究——以长江三角洲典型县级市常熟市为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(1):48-53.
[27] LU Shu-yu, LUAN Sheng-ji, ZHU Tan. Assessment of environmental impact[M].Beijing: Higher Education Press,2001.
陆书玉,栾胜基,朱坦. 环境影响评价[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[28] YE Wen-hu, LUAN Sheng-ji. Environmental quality assessment study[M].Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1994.
叶文虎,栾胜基. 环境质量评价学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994.
[29] PAN Zi-ping, HE Shao-lin, LI Chao-jin, et al. Heavy metals pollution in soils and its environmental impacts in central district of Guiyang city[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(11):2 295-2 304.
潘自平,何邵麟,李朝晋,等. 贵阳中心区土壤重金属污染及其环境影响[J]. 环境化学, 2016,35(11):2 295-2 304.
[30] ZHAO Yi-yang, YAN Ming-cai. Geochemistry of sediments of the China shelf sea[M].Beijing: Science Press,1994.
赵一阳,鄢明才.中国浅海沉积物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[31] CAI Guan-qiang, CHEN Hong-jun, ZHONG He-xian, et al. Geochemical characteristics of major elements in surface sediments of the northwestern south China sea[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013, 29(11):14-21.
蔡观强,陈泓君,钟和贤,等.南海西北部表层沉积物常量元素地球化学特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2013, 29(11):14-21.
[32] ZHAO Yi-yang. Some geochemical patterns of shelf sediments of the China seas[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1983(4):307-314.
赵一阳.中国海大陆架沉积物地球化学的若干模式[J].地质科学,1983(4):307-314.
[33] JIANG Fu-qing, LI An-chun. Geochemical characteristics and their implications to provenance and environment of surface sediments from the south Okinawa trough[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002, 20(4):680-686.
蒋富清,李安春.冲绳海槽南部表层沉积物地球化学特征及其物源和环境指示意义[J].沉积学报,2002, 20(4):680-686.
[34] CUI Zhen-ang, GAN Hua-yang, LIU Wen-tao, et al. Geochemical characteristics of major elements and provenance implication of surface sediments in the eastern Beibu gulf[J].Computing Techniques For Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2015, 37(4):522-531.
崔振昂,甘华阳,刘文涛,等.北部湾东部海域表层沉积物常量元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义[J].物探化探计算技术,2015, 37(4):522-531.