马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊初期多金属氧化物的矿物学、地球化学特征及其成因环境研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2019.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对大洋27航次在西太平洋马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊获取的3个多金属氧化物样品进行了X射线矿物衍射分析、穆斯堡尔谱分析及地球化学元素分析,研究其矿物、地球化学特征差异。结果表明,所取样品处于多金属氧化物发育的初始阶段,具有独特的矿物地球化学特征:(1)相较于太平洋CC区及中太平洋海盆获取的多金属结核样品,本研究样品的矿物组成中含有异常高的石英、斜长石以及黏土矿物,而水羟锰矿和钙锰矿含量较低。(2)样品中铁相矿物主要为正方针铁矿(91.6%),另含少量纤铁矿(8.4%),推测是纤铁矿向更加稳定的正方针铁矿衍变的结果。(3)由于样品中深海黏土组分以及氧化物核心物质的混入,加上吸附金属氧化物时间较短,导致SiO₂和Al₂O₃含量均高于正常结核,而Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni等其余金属元素含量较低。(4)由于形成时间较短,样品中稀土元素含量相对较低,ΣREE仅约为0.4×10^-3(一般太平洋CC区及中太平洋结核中稀土含量均大于1.0×10^-3);加之海水氧化还原作用的降低以及研究区海底热液活动的影响,Ce元素未表现出多金属结核中常见的正异常。

关键词: 多金属氧化物, 矿物学, 地球化学, 马里亚纳海沟

Abstract: Three special polymetallic oxides were taken from the Challenger Deep of Mariana Trench. They were at the initial stage compared to the normal polymetallic nodules. Samples were taken for mineralogical and geochemical analyses, such as X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Mossbauer spectra. Major, trace and rare earth elements(REE) were also measured for all the samples. The results showed that: (1)Compared to the normal polymetallic nodules, the mineralogy of samples were dominated by quartz, plagioclase and clay minerals, but vernadite and todorokite were deficient, which were often seen in polymetallic nodules. (2)Data obtained by Mossbauer spectra indicated that the iron phases were akaganeite(91.6%) and lepidocrocite(8.4%), we suggested it was due to the transmutation from lepidocrocite to akaganeite, a more stable mineral. (3)Higher contents of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ were found in the samples, but lower contents of Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni in contrast. They were caused by the contamination of pelagic clay and short duration of sorption. (4)Due to the short time for absorption, value of ΣREE was about 0.4×10^-3 in the samples, consumedly lower than that in the normal nodules, of which ΣREE content was usually higher than 1.0×10^-3. The absent of the positive Ce anomaly was due to the reducing bottom-water redox condition and the active hydrothermal fluid.

Key words: polymetallic oxides, mineralogy, geochemistry, Mariana Trench

中图分类号:

P744

王海峰, 赖佩欣, 邓希光, 王汾连, 杨永, 邓义楠, 何高文. 马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊初期多金属氧化物的矿物学、地球化学特征及其成因环境研究[J]. 海洋学研究, 2019, 37(1): 21-29.

WANG Hai-feng, LAI Pei-xin, DENG Xi-guang, WANG Fen-lian, YANG Yong, Deng Yi-lan, HE Gao-wen. Study on mineralogy, geochemistry and original environment of initial polymetallic oxides from the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2019, 37(1): 21-29.

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