海洋学研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 21-32.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2021.02.003

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西太平洋多金属结核区表层沉积物细菌群落结构及其对沉积扰动的响应

王苑如1，崔鸿鹏1，李继东1，孙栋2,3，王春生2,3，杨娟*1   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院，北京 100083；
    2.自然资源部 第二海洋研究所，浙江 杭州 310012;
    3.自然资源部 海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310012
  • 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-15
  • 基金资助:
    国际海域资源调查与开发“十三五”课题（DY135-E2-2-3）

The structure of bacterial communities and its response to the sedimentary disturbance in the surface sediment of western Pacific polymetallic nodule area

WANG Yuanru1, CUI Hongpeng1, LI Jidong1, SUN Dong2,3, WANG Chunsheng2,3, YANG Juan*1   

  1. 1.School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; 
    2.Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; 
    3.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-06-15

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摘要： 本文基于大洋第48航次在西太平洋马尔库斯威克海山多金属结核区采集的6个表层沉积物样品的高通量测序结果，开展底栖细菌群落结构调查，共获得253012条序列，分属于41个门、85个纲、189个目、261个科和322个属。其中，变形菌纲(Proteobacteria)为优势类群，分为γ、α和δ三个亚群，分别占总序列条数的24.76%、20.21%和6.48%。绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)及硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)等类群的序列数和属种较丰富。对序列条数大于1%的OTU(operational taxonomic units)分析，共获得优势菌群23个目，包含6个优势科，10个优势属，其中，铁锰功能细菌占10.20%，主要来自交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas)(6.90%)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)(1.80%)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)(1.00%)等，另外还存在参与氮和硫元素循环的种属。PICRUSt功能预测分析显示结核区细菌主要涉及信号转导、蛋白转运、原核生物固碳、群体感应、能量转换、氨基酸和嘧啶代谢等功能。BC1826站位与其他站位相比，细菌多样性较低。结合沉积柱粒度分析结果，推测BC1826站位微生物群落结构的差异与沉积扰动有关，两者具有一定的响应关系。与已有研究成果汇总对比发现，西太平洋结核区与东太平洋结核区的细菌群落组成结构有较大差异。

关键词: 深海沉积物, 细菌多样性, 西太平洋, 多金属结核

Abstract: The bacterial community structure of six surface sediment samples which were collected during the 48th China Scientific Cruise in the west Pacific Ocean was analyzed by highthroughput sequencing method. A total of 253012 sequences are obtained, belonging to 41 phyla, 85 classes, 189 orders, 261 families and 322 genera, respectively. Among them, Proteobacteria is the dominant class, which includes three subclasses: γ, α and δ. Their richness account for 24.76%, 20.21% and 6.48% of the total OTU(operational taxonomic units) in the study area, respectively. In addition, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae are also found popular with abundant bacterial genera and species in each category. There are 23 orders with sequence abundance over 1%. Among them, 6 families or 10 genera are the highest dominant groups. Functional genes related to iron and manganese metabolism account for 10.20%, such as Alteromonas (6.90%), Pseudoalteromonas (1.80%), Shewanella (1.00%) and etc. Other functional gene groups related to nitrogen and sulfur cycling are also found. The result of PICRUSt analysis show wide genetic diversity of bacteria involved in various metabolic processes, such as signal transduction mechanism, protein transport, carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, quorum sensing, energy conversion, amino acid and pyrimidine metabolism and etc. Compared with other sites, BC1826 site has lower bacterial diversity, but has higher gene abundance of two-component system. Combined with the frequency of grain size curve of each sedimentary analysis, the result speculate that the difference of microbial community structure between BC1826 site and other sites is related to sedimentary disturbance. Based on the comparison with previous reports, the bacterial community structure in the western Pacific seamount area is different from that in the nodule areas of the eastern Pacific area.

Key words: deep-sea sediments, bacterial diversity, western Pacific Ocean, polymetallic nodule

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