瓯江汛期和非汛期水沙通量变化规律

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

瓯江为典型的山溪性河流,其水沙通量具有洪枯季差异悬殊的特征。该文基于瓯江干流控制水文站71年(1950—2020年)月均径流量和43年(1956—1998年)月均输沙量观测资料,采用年内分配不均匀系数、Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验、双累积曲线等方法,分析了瓯江汛期(梅汛期4—6月和台汛期7—9月)和非汛期(10月—次年3月)水沙通量的变化规律及其原因。结果表明:1)径流量和输沙量的峰谷期一致,峰值出现在6月,谷值出现在12月,其中,梅汛期是瓯江的主汛期。2)1950—2020年瓯江径流量在梅汛期呈显著减少的趋势,在非汛期呈显著增加的趋势,在台汛期变化趋势不显著,径流量的年际变化主要受降水影响;径流量的年内分配趋于均匀化,受水库调蓄影响较大。3)1956—1998年瓯江输沙量在梅汛期呈显著减少的趋势,在台汛期和非汛期变化趋势不显著,其中梅汛期输沙量的减少与水库拦截有关;输沙量的年内分配不均匀性变化不大,可能与降水量的不均匀性变化有关。4)台汛期、非汛期的输沙量-径流量关系分别在1975年、1959年各发生了一次明显突变,均与流域内的强降水有关。

关键词: 瓯江, 汛期, 非汛期, 水沙通量, 不均匀性

Abstract:

Oujiang River is a typical mountain river whose water and sediment fluxes are characterized by a great disparity between flood and dry seasons. Based on the measured data of water discharge and sediment load at the mainstream control hydrological station of Oujiang River in the past 71 years (1950—2020) and 43 years (1956—1998), respectively, the coefficient of nonuniformity, Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test and double mass curve were used to analyze the variations of runoff and sediment load during the flood seasons (including plum rain season from April to June and typhoon season from July to September) and dry seasons (non-flooding season from October to March in next year) in the Oujiang River. The results showed that: (1) The peak and valley month of runoff were the same as sediment load. The peak month of both runoff and sediment load appeared in June, while their valley month appeared in December. The plum rain season was the most important period of water and sediment transporting to sea from Oujiang River. (2) The runoff showed significant decreasing trend in the plum rain season, significant increasing trend in non-flooding season, and non-significant trend in typhoon season during 1950—2020 in Oujiang River. The nonuniformity of intra-annual distribution for runoff had become more uniform obviously, resulting from the regulation of reservoirs. (3) The sediment load showed significant decreasing trend in the plum rain season due to the interception of reservoirs, and no significant trend in typhoon season and non-flooding season during 1956—1998 in Oujiang River. The nonuniformity of intra-annual distribution for sediment load showed little change, which might relate to the nonuniformity of intra-annual distribution for precipitation. (4) The relationship between sediment load and runoff during typhoon and non-flooding season changed in 1975 and 1959, respectively, both of which were related to the heavy rainfall within the river basins.

Key words: Oujiang River, flooding season, non-flooding season, water and sediment fluxes, the nonuniformity coefficient

中图分类号:

张婉莹, 陆莎莎, 夏小明, 刘金贵. 瓯江汛期和非汛期水沙通量变化规律[J]. 海洋学研究, 2023, 41(2): 61-70.

ZHANG Wanying, LU Shasha, XIA Xiaoming, LIU Jingui. Variations in water and sediment fluxes in Oujiang River during flooding and non-flooding seasons[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(2): 61-70.

图/表 10

图1 研究区域

Fig.1 Study area

图2 瓯江多年月平均径流量、输沙量和降水量

Fig.2 Multi-year monthly average water discharge, sediment load and precipitation in Oujiang River

图3 瓯江径流量、输沙量和降水量年内分配不均匀系数Cv变化

Fig.3 The variations of the nonuniformity coefficients for runoff, sediment load and precipitation in Oujiang River

图4 1950—2020年瓯江径流量变化趋势

Fig.4 The change trends of water discharge during 1950-2020 in Oujiang River

图5 1956—1998年瓯江输沙量变化趋势

Fig.5 The change trends of sediment load during 1956-1998 in Oujiang River

图6 1960—2019年瓯江降水量变化趋势

Fig.6 The change trends of precipitation during 1960-2019 in Oujiang River

图7 瓯江各时期径流量与降水量双累积曲线

Fig.7 Double mass curves of annual runoff and precipitation in Oujiang River

图8 瓯江各时期输沙量与径流量双累积曲线

Fig.8 Double mass curves of annual sediment load and runoff in Oujiang River

表1 水库建设前后降水量与径流量的Cv值及其变化率

Tab.1 The values of Cv for precipitation and runoff before and after the construction of reservoirs as well as their changing rates

项目	C_v
项目	建库前	建库后	变化率
降水量	0.57	0.55	-3.5%
径流量	0.91	0.74	-18.7%

表2 水库建设前后梅汛期、台汛期和非汛期年均径流量和输沙量变化

Tab.2 The average runoff and sediment load before and after the construction of reservoirs during plum rain, typhoon and non-flooding seasons as well as their changing rates

时期	年均径流量			年均输沙量
时期	建库前/(10⁸ m³·a^-1)	建库后/(10⁸ m³·a^-1)	变化率/%	建库前/(10⁷ kg·a^-1)	建库后/(10⁷ kg·a^-1)	变化率/%
梅汛期	67.2	68.6	2.1	101.9	83.5	-18.1
台汛期	31.4	40.3	28.3	57.5	80.9	40.7
非汛期	32.8	41.8	27.4	14.1	16.4	16.3

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