南乔治亚岛海域浮游植物季节性旺发特征与POC输出通量:基于BGC-Argo和卫星遥感观测

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.04.001

海洋学研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 1-11.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.04.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

南乔治亚岛海域浮游植物季节性旺发特征与POC输出通量:基于BGC-Argo和卫星遥感观测

赵跃然¹(), 范高晶², 吴嘉琪¹^,³, 孙维萍¹, 潘建明¹, 韩正兵¹^,^*()

1.自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012
2.中国极地研究中心,上海 201209
3.浙江大学海洋学院,浙江舟山 316000

收稿日期:2023-03-01 修回日期:2023-05-05 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-01-30
通讯作者: *韩正兵(1986—),男,副研究员,主要从事极地生物地球化学方面的研究,E-mail:hzbing@sio.org.cn。
作者简介:赵跃然(1999—),女,山东省威海市人,主要从事极地生物泵方面的研究,E-mail:pippin_z@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41976227);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42176227)

The seasonal blooming characteristics of phytoplankton and POC export flux in the waters around South Georgia Island: Based on BGC-Argo and satellite remote sensing observations

ZHAO Yueran¹(), FAN Gaojing², WU Jiaqi¹^,³, SUN Weiping¹, PAN Jianming¹, HAN Zhengbing¹^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
2. Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 201209, China
3. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China

Received:2023-03-01 Revised:2023-05-05 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2024-01-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南乔治亚岛海域是南大洋初级生产力最高的区域之一,具有巨大的固碳潜力,但由于缺乏连续的上层海洋观测资料,该海域生物泵效率的强弱仍未有定论。本研究利用2017年至2020年期间位于南乔治亚岛附近海域的生物地球化学浮标(BGC-Argo)所获取的水文和生物化学参数,探讨了物理过程对生物地球化学过程的影响,并估算了该海域的南极夏季碳输出通量。结果显示:南乔治亚岛上游(南极半岛东北部)和下游(乔治亚海盆)海域Chl-a均呈现出很强的季节性特征,尤其是乔治亚海盆区浮游植物维持了4个月的旺发时间,表明该区域具有稳定持续的铁源供给;利用颗粒有机碳(POC)季节性输出量的时间变率,估算了上、下游的夏季POC输出通量分别为7.12±3.90 mmol·m^-2·d^-1和45.29±5.40 mmol·m^-2·d^-1,推测这种差异主要是由于混合层加深后促进了有机碳的向下输出导致的。研究发现该区域维持着较高的生物泵效率,与此前的乔治亚海盆存在“高生产力低输出效率”的结论不同,这可能是由于航次断面调查的即时性无法反映整个季节性特征所造成的。BGC-Argo能提供高时空分辨率的多参数观测数据,本研究结果表明其可以更准确地量化与评估海洋生物地球化学过程和固碳能力。

关键词: 南大洋, 南乔治亚岛, BGC-Argo, POC输出通量, Chl-a

Abstract:

The waters surrounding South Georgia Island are one of the highest primary productivity regions in the Southern Ocean with enormous carbon sequestration potential. However, the strength of the biological pump efficiency in this area is still uncertain due to the lack of continuous upper ocean observation data.In this study, the hydrological and biogeochemical parameters obtained from the Biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) floats deployed in the South Georgia Island vicinity during the period of 2017-2020 were utilized to investigate the impacts of physical processes on biogeochemical processes and to estimate the carbon export flux in the Antarctic summer. Results indicated that both upstream (northeast of the Antarctic Peninsula) and downstream (Georgia Basin) regions of South Georgia Island exhibited strong seasonal characteristics in Chl-a, with the latter area having a 4-month sustained period of phytoplankton bloom, suggesting a stable and continuous supply of iron. Using the temporal variability of the seasonal particulate organic carbon (POC) export, the summer POC export fluxes of the upstream and downstream regions were estimated to be 7.12±3.90 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 and 45.29±5.40 mmol·m^-2·d^-1, respectively, indicating that the difference might be due to enhanced downward export of organic carbon after the deepening of the mixed layer. The study found that the region maintained a high biological pump efficiency, contrary to the previous conclusion that the Georgia Basin had “high productivity low export efficiency”, which might have been caused by the limited “real-time” representation of the entire seasonal characteristics during ship-based surveys. BGC-Argo provides high spatiotemporal resolution of multi-parameter observation data, and this study demonstrates that it can more accurately quantify and evaluate marine biogeochemical processes and carbon sequestration potential.

Key words: Southern Ocean, South Georgia Island, BGC-Argo, POC export production, Chl-a

中图分类号:

P734

赵跃然, 范高晶, 吴嘉琪, 孙维萍, 潘建明, 韩正兵. 南乔治亚岛海域浮游植物季节性旺发特征与POC输出通量:基于BGC-Argo和卫星遥感观测[J]. 海洋学研究, 2023, 41(4): 1-11.

ZHAO Yueran, FAN Gaojing, WU Jiaqi, SUN Weiping, PAN Jianming, HAN Zhengbing. The seasonal blooming characteristics of phytoplankton and POC export flux in the waters around South Georgia Island: Based on BGC-Argo and satellite remote sensing observations[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(4): 1-11.

图/表 7

图1 研究海域及BGC-Argo的移动轨迹 (图中等值线表示水深,单位:m;蓝色点表示浮标剖面站点;黑粗线和红粗线分别为南极绕极流南锋(SACCF)和极锋(PF);色标采用对数处理,颜色反映1997年至2017年南半球12月至次年2月气候态Chl-a分布,数据来自欧洲航天局GlobColour项目的多元数据融合产品,空间分辨率为25 km×25 km,时间分辨率为1个月。)

Fig.1 Study area and the movement trajectory of BGC-Argo floats (Contour lines represent water depth, unit: m. Blue dots represent the profiling float stations. The thick black line and red line indicate the southern Antarctic circumpolar current front (SACCF) and polar front (PF), respectively. Color bar uses log transformation, and the color represents the climatological distribution of Chl-a from December to February in the southern hemisphere from 1997 to 2017. The data are from the multi-sensor merged product of the European Space Agency’s GlobColour project with a spatial resolution of 25 km × 25 km and a temporal resolution of 1 month.)

表1 基于BGC-Argo的夏季平均混合层深度、POC储量、NCP和POC输出通量

Tab.1 Summer mean values of MLD, POC storage, NCP, and POC export flux based on BGC-Argo

年份	位置	混合层深度/m	POC储量/(mmol·m^-2)	NCP/(mmol·m^-2)	POC输出通量/(mmol·m^-2·d^-1)
2017/2018	南极半岛东北部海域	38.49±18.93	610.32±124.83	3 976.14±124.53	7.12±3.90
2018/2019	乔治亚海盆	62.40±24.55	691.62±158.92	4 591.86±316.12	45.29±5.40

图2 BGC-Argo浮标获取的各生化参数剖面变化 (图中白色虚线表示混合层深度。)

Fig.2 Profiles of biogeochemical parameters of BGC-Argo floats (The white dashed line represents the depth of the mixed layer.)

图3 卫星遥感和BGC-Argo获取的表层Chl-a质量浓度时间序列对比

Fig.3 Comparison of time series of Chl-a mass concentration observed by remote sensing and BGC-Argo

图4 BGC-Argo观测到5 m和50 m处Chl-a质量浓度差异的浮动柱状图 (柱形顶部和底部分别表示Chl-a5 m和Chl-a50 m,绿色柱形表示Chl-a5 m大于Chl-a50 m,橙色反之,柱长表示二者的差异。)

Fig.4 Floating bar chart of the difference in Chl-a mass concentration between 5 m and 50 m observed by BGC-Argo (The top and bottom of the bars represent Chl-a5 m or Chl-a50 m respectively. Green bars indicate that Chl-a5 m is higher than Chl-a50 m, while orange bars indicate the opposite, and the length of the bars represents the difference.)

图5 南乔治亚岛附近海域上层100 m的NCP与POC储量时间序列变化

Fig.5 Time series of NCP and POC storage in the upper 100 m of the waters surrounding South Georgia Island

图6 南乔治亚岛附近海域POC输出量时间序列变化 (阴影部分表示2017/2018年和2018/2019年夏季;趋势线分别为两个夏季POC输出量相对时间的变化趋势。)

Fig.6 Time series of POC export in the waters near South Georgia Island (The shaded area represents the summer seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019; the trend line shows the temporal variation of POC export)

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南乔治亚岛海域浮游植物季节性旺发特征与POC输出通量:基于BGC-Argo和卫星遥感观测

The seasonal blooming characteristics of phytoplankton and POC export flux in the waters around South Georgia Island: Based on BGC-Argo and satellite remote sensing observations

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