西北太平洋中尺度涡合成结构及其对声传播的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中尺度涡普遍存在于大洋中并会对声传播产生影响。利用2000—2018年AVISO卫星高度计资料和Argo浮标资料,通过涡旋合成方法构建了西北太平洋黑潮延伸体和亲潮延伸体海域中尺度涡的多年平均三维结构,对其垂直温、盐异常和声速特征进行分析,并采用Bellhop射线声学模型对中尺度涡背景下的声传播进行了模拟仿真。结果表明: 1)冷涡背景下,温度异常为负,盐度异常在上层为负,在下层为正,声速等值线抬升;暖涡背景下,温度异常为正,盐度异常在上层为正,在下层为负,声速等值线下沉。2)冷涡背景下,声传播会聚区向声源方向偏移,会聚区宽度缩小;暖涡背景下,会聚区远离声源,会聚区宽度增大。声会聚区宽度在黑潮延伸体海域较在亲潮延伸体海域更大,距离声源也更远。3)冷涡背景下,声传播的反转深度变浅,暖涡背景下,反转深度加深;在黑潮延伸体海域,反转深度总体随经度增大而变浅,在亲潮延伸体海域则相反,反转深度随经度增大而变深。

关键词: 中尺度涡, 西北太平洋, Argo浮标, 声传播, 会聚区

Abstract:

Mesoscale eddies widely exist in the ocean and affect the sound propagation. Using AVISO altimeter and Argo buoy data from 2000 to 2018, the multi-year average three-dimensional structure of mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio and Oyashio extension regions in the Northwest Pacific Ocean was constructed by synthesis method, and the structural characteristics of temperature anomalies, salt anomalies and sound velocity were analyzed. The sound propagation in eddies is simulated by using Bellhop ray acoustic model. The results show that : (1) Under the background of the cold eddy, the temperature anomaly is negative, the salinity anomaly is negative in the upper layer and positive in the lower layer, and the sound velocity contour rises. Under the background of warm eddy, the temperature anomaly is positive, the salinity anomaly is positive in the upper layer and negative in the lower layer, and the sound velocity contour is sinking. (2) The cold eddies cause the convergence region to shift towards the sound source direction and the width of convergence zone to decrease; the warm eddies cause the convergence zone to move away from the sound source and increase its width. The convergence area in the Kuroshio extension region is wider than that in the Oyashio extension region, and is further away from the sound source. (3) The cold eddies make the convergence zone turning depth shallower, while the warm eddies make the convergence zone turning depth deeper. In the Kuroshio extension region, the inversion depth is shallower with the increase of longitude,but in the Oyashio extension region, the inversion depth is deeper with the increase of longitude.

Key words: mesoscale eddy, Northwest Pacific Ocean, Argo buoy, sound propagation, convergence zone

中图分类号:

P733.21

张旭东, 丘仲锋, 毛科峰, 王鹏皓. 西北太平洋中尺度涡合成结构及其对声传播的影响[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(1): 58-68.

ZHANG Xudong, QIU Zhongfeng, MAO Kefeng, WANG Penghao. Composed structure of mesoscale eddy in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and its influence on acoustic propagation[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(1): 58-68.

图/表 11

图1 研究区及海表温度分布 (海表温度数据来源于CARS09。)

Fig.1 The study area and sea surface temperature distribution (Sea surface temperature data are from CARS09.)

图2 西北太平洋海表高度异常与涡旋的分布(2015-10-18) (图b表示Argo浮标位于涡旋外;图c表示Argo浮标位于涡旋内部;闭合曲线代表涡旋边界;红点代表涡旋中心;黑点代表Argo浮标位置;ΔxE代表Argo浮标到涡心的经向距离,ΔyE代表纬向距离。)

Fig.2 The distribution of SLA and eddy in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (2015-10-18) (Figure b shows that Argo buoy is located outside the eddy; Figure c shows that Argo buoy is located inside the eddy; the closed curve represents the eddy boundary; red dot represents the center of the eddy; the black dot represents the Argo buoy location; the ΔxE represents the meridional distance from Argo buoy to the eddy center, and the ΔyE represents the zonal distance.)

表1 西北太平洋9个子区域内符合匹配条件的Argo剖面数据

Tab.1 Number of Argo profiles conforming to the matching conditions in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean

区域	子区域	Argo剖面资料数量
区域	子区域	与暖涡匹配/条	与冷涡匹配/条
区域Ⅰ 黑潮延伸体	A	736	494
	B	736	388
	C	376	354
	D	309	229
	E	287	259
区域Ⅱ 亲潮延伸体	F	280	413
	G	509	302
	H	267	222
	I	147	105

图3 西北太平洋9个子区域平均温-盐廓线 (黑色虚线为位势密度σθ。)

Fig.3 Mean temperature-salinity profile in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (Black dotted lines represent the potential density σθ.)

图4 西北太平洋9个子区域合成中尺度涡在ΔY=0断面上的位温异常分布

Fig.4 Potential temperature anomaly distribution of the composed eddy in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean at ΔY=0 cross section

图5 西北太平洋9个子区域合成中尺度涡在ΔY=0断面上的盐度异常分布

Fig.5 Salinity anomaly distribution of the composed eddy in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean at ΔY=0 cross section

图6 西北太平洋9个子区域在无涡旋情况、冷涡和暖涡背景下涡心位置的声速剖面图

Fig.6 Sound velocity profiles at the eddy center under without eddy, cold eddy and warm eddy background in the 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean

图7 西北太平洋子区域C暖涡(a)和冷涡(b)背景下涡心位置的声速等值线剖面分布图

Fig.7 Sound velocity contour of eddy center under warm eddy background (a) and cold eddy background (b) in subregion C of the Northwest Pacific Ocean

图8 西北太平洋9个子区域在暖涡、冷涡、无涡旋背景下的声传播损失

Fig.8 Acoustic propagation loss under the background of warm eddy, cold eddy and without eddy in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean

表2 西北太平洋9个子区域暖涡、冷涡、无涡旋背景下会聚区位置与宽度

Tab.2 Location and width of convergence zone under the background of warm eddy, cold eddy and without eddy in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean

区域		环境背景	最大声速差 /dB	会聚区与声源的距离/km		会聚区宽度/km		反转深度/m
区域		环境背景	最大声速差 /dB	d₁	d₂	W₁	W₂	反转深度/m
区域I 黑潮延伸体	A	无涡旋		62.25	123.24	8.34	8.82	4 026
		冷涡	4.042	61.63	122.05	8.10	8.60	3 927
		暖涡	10.867	64.07	127.09	8.68	9.44	4 058
	B	无涡旋		62.05	122.80	8.12	8.52	3 885
		冷涡	9.539	60.60	119.83	7.84	7.98	3 831
		暖涡	7.958	63.52	125.78	8.37	8.98	3 961
	C	无涡旋		61.40	121.76	8.03	8.26	3 820
		冷涡	14.457	59.02	116.90	7.61	7.59	3 625
		暖涡	6.519	62.64	124.21	8.22	8.59	3 847
	D	无涡旋		61.05	121.03	7.55	8.03	3 809
		冷涡	6.957	59.87	118.38	7.35	7.60	3 670
		暖涡	3.254	61.48	121.95	7.66	8.45	3 831
	E	无涡旋		59.65	119.00	7.33	7.9	3 744
		冷涡	5.526	58.80	117.68	7.29	7.64	3 654
		暖涡	1.978	59.83	119.51	7.44	8.12	3 821
区域Ⅱ 亲潮延伸体	F	无涡旋		45.12	85.82	5.72	8.86	1 742
		冷涡	16.106
		暖涡	4.094	45.74	86.15	5.81	6.32	1 763
	G	无涡旋		50.22	92.56	6.65	7.10	2 189
		冷涡	10.023	42.24	85.54	5.42	5.62	1 948
		暖涡	3.222	45.93	93.92	6.84	7.40	2 229
	H	无涡旋		44.96	93.85	7.01	7.64	2 328
		冷涡	8.884	44.02	91.56	5.80	6.26	2 119
		暖涡	7.227	47.52	97.13	7.64	8.43	2 376
	I	无涡旋		48.40	99.55	7.17	7.74	2 461
		冷涡	7.563	45.97	97.16	6.07	6.31	2 167
		暖涡	2.048	48.75	100.94	7.34	8.12	2 480

图9 反转深度示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of turning depth

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