海洋学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 58-68.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.006
收稿日期:
2023-02-15
修回日期:
2023-04-17
出版日期:
2024-03-15
发布日期:
2024-05-11
通讯作者:
* 丘仲锋(1979—),男,教授,主要从事海洋光学信息技术方面的研究,E-mail:zhongfeng.qiu@nuist.edu.cn。
作者简介:
张旭东(1997—),男,浙江省舟山市人,主要从事海洋声传播方面的研究,E-mail:xudong@nuist.edu.cn。
基金资助:
ZHANG Xudong1(), QIU Zhongfeng1,*(
), MAO Kefeng2, WANG Penghao2
Received:
2023-02-15
Revised:
2023-04-17
Online:
2024-03-15
Published:
2024-05-11
摘要:
中尺度涡普遍存在于大洋中并会对声传播产生影响。利用2000—2018年AVISO卫星高度计资料和Argo浮标资料,通过涡旋合成方法构建了西北太平洋黑潮延伸体和亲潮延伸体海域中尺度涡的多年平均三维结构,对其垂直温、盐异常和声速特征进行分析,并采用Bellhop射线声学模型对中尺度涡背景下的声传播进行了模拟仿真。结果表明: 1)冷涡背景下,温度异常为负,盐度异常在上层为负,在下层为正,声速等值线抬升;暖涡背景下,温度异常为正,盐度异常在上层为正,在下层为负,声速等值线下沉。2)冷涡背景下,声传播会聚区向声源方向偏移,会聚区宽度缩小;暖涡背景下,会聚区远离声源,会聚区宽度增大。声会聚区宽度在黑潮延伸体海域较在亲潮延伸体海域更大,距离声源也更远。3)冷涡背景下,声传播的反转深度变浅,暖涡背景下,反转深度加深;在黑潮延伸体海域,反转深度总体随经度增大而变浅,在亲潮延伸体海域则相反,反转深度随经度增大而变深。
中图分类号:
张旭东, 丘仲锋, 毛科峰, 王鹏皓. 西北太平洋中尺度涡合成结构及其对声传播的影响[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(1): 58-68.
ZHANG Xudong, QIU Zhongfeng, MAO Kefeng, WANG Penghao. Composed structure of mesoscale eddy in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and its influence on acoustic propagation[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(1): 58-68.
图2 西北太平洋海表高度异常与涡旋的分布(2015-10-18) (图b表示Argo浮标位于涡旋外;图c表示Argo浮标位于涡旋内部;闭合曲线代表涡旋边界;红点代表涡旋中心;黑点代表Argo浮标位置;ΔxE代表Argo浮标到涡心的经向距离,ΔyE代表纬向距离。)
Fig.2 The distribution of SLA and eddy in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (2015-10-18) (Figure b shows that Argo buoy is located outside the eddy; Figure c shows that Argo buoy is located inside the eddy; the closed curve represents the eddy boundary; red dot represents the center of the eddy; the black dot represents the Argo buoy location; the ΔxE represents the meridional distance from Argo buoy to the eddy center, and the ΔyE represents the zonal distance.)
区域 | 子区域 | Argo剖面资料数量 | |
---|---|---|---|
与暖涡匹配/条 | 与冷涡匹配/条 | ||
区域Ⅰ 黑潮延伸体 | A | 736 | 494 |
B | 736 | 388 | |
C | 376 | 354 | |
D | 309 | 229 | |
E | 287 | 259 | |
区域Ⅱ 亲潮延伸体 | F | 280 | 413 |
G | 509 | 302 | |
H | 267 | 222 | |
I | 147 | 105 |
表1 西北太平洋9个子区域内符合匹配条件的Argo剖面数据
Tab.1 Number of Argo profiles conforming to the matching conditions in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean
区域 | 子区域 | Argo剖面资料数量 | |
---|---|---|---|
与暖涡匹配/条 | 与冷涡匹配/条 | ||
区域Ⅰ 黑潮延伸体 | A | 736 | 494 |
B | 736 | 388 | |
C | 376 | 354 | |
D | 309 | 229 | |
E | 287 | 259 | |
区域Ⅱ 亲潮延伸体 | F | 280 | 413 |
G | 509 | 302 | |
H | 267 | 222 | |
I | 147 | 105 |
图3 西北太平洋9个子区域平均温-盐廓线 (黑色虚线为位势密度σθ。)
Fig.3 Mean temperature-salinity profile in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (Black dotted lines represent the potential density σθ.)
图4 西北太平洋9个子区域合成中尺度涡在ΔY=0断面上的位温异常分布
Fig.4 Potential temperature anomaly distribution of the composed eddy in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean at ΔY=0 cross section
图5 西北太平洋9个子区域合成中尺度涡在ΔY=0断面上的盐度异常分布
Fig.5 Salinity anomaly distribution of the composed eddy in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean at ΔY=0 cross section
图6 西北太平洋9个子区域在无涡旋情况、冷涡和暖涡背景下涡心位置的声速剖面图
Fig.6 Sound velocity profiles at the eddy center under without eddy, cold eddy and warm eddy background in the 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean
图7 西北太平洋子区域C暖涡(a)和冷涡(b)背景下涡心位置的声速等值线剖面分布图
Fig.7 Sound velocity contour of eddy center under warm eddy background (a) and cold eddy background (b) in subregion C of the Northwest Pacific Ocean
图8 西北太平洋9个子区域在暖涡、冷涡、无涡旋背景下的声传播损失
Fig.8 Acoustic propagation loss under the background of warm eddy, cold eddy and without eddy in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean
区域 | 环境背景 | 最大声速差 /dB | 会聚区与声源的距离/km | 会聚区宽度/km | 反转深度/m | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d1 | d2 | W1 | W2 | ||||||
区域I 黑潮延伸体 | A | 无涡旋 | 62.25 | 123.24 | 8.34 | 8.82 | 4 026 | ||
冷涡 | 4.042 | 61.63 | 122.05 | 8.10 | 8.60 | 3 927 | |||
暖涡 | 10.867 | 64.07 | 127.09 | 8.68 | 9.44 | 4 058 | |||
B | 无涡旋 | 62.05 | 122.80 | 8.12 | 8.52 | 3 885 | |||
冷涡 | 9.539 | 60.60 | 119.83 | 7.84 | 7.98 | 3 831 | |||
暖涡 | 7.958 | 63.52 | 125.78 | 8.37 | 8.98 | 3 961 | |||
C | 无涡旋 | 61.40 | 121.76 | 8.03 | 8.26 | 3 820 | |||
冷涡 | 14.457 | 59.02 | 116.90 | 7.61 | 7.59 | 3 625 | |||
暖涡 | 6.519 | 62.64 | 124.21 | 8.22 | 8.59 | 3 847 | |||
D | 无涡旋 | 61.05 | 121.03 | 7.55 | 8.03 | 3 809 | |||
冷涡 | 6.957 | 59.87 | 118.38 | 7.35 | 7.60 | 3 670 | |||
暖涡 | 3.254 | 61.48 | 121.95 | 7.66 | 8.45 | 3 831 | |||
E | 无涡旋 | 59.65 | 119.00 | 7.33 | 7.9 | 3 744 | |||
冷涡 | 5.526 | 58.80 | 117.68 | 7.29 | 7.64 | 3 654 | |||
暖涡 | 1.978 | 59.83 | 119.51 | 7.44 | 8.12 | 3 821 | |||
区域Ⅱ 亲潮延伸体 | F | 无涡旋 | 45.12 | 85.82 | 5.72 | 8.86 | 1 742 | ||
冷涡 | 16.106 | ||||||||
暖涡 | 4.094 | 45.74 | 86.15 | 5.81 | 6.32 | 1 763 | |||
G | 无涡旋 | 50.22 | 92.56 | 6.65 | 7.10 | 2 189 | |||
冷涡 | 10.023 | 42.24 | 85.54 | 5.42 | 5.62 | 1 948 | |||
暖涡 | 3.222 | 45.93 | 93.92 | 6.84 | 7.40 | 2 229 | |||
H | 无涡旋 | 44.96 | 93.85 | 7.01 | 7.64 | 2 328 | |||
冷涡 | 8.884 | 44.02 | 91.56 | 5.80 | 6.26 | 2 119 | |||
暖涡 | 7.227 | 47.52 | 97.13 | 7.64 | 8.43 | 2 376 | |||
I | 无涡旋 | 48.40 | 99.55 | 7.17 | 7.74 | 2 461 | |||
冷涡 | 7.563 | 45.97 | 97.16 | 6.07 | 6.31 | 2 167 | |||
暖涡 | 2.048 | 48.75 | 100.94 | 7.34 | 8.12 | 2 480 |
表2 西北太平洋9个子区域暖涡、冷涡、无涡旋背景下会聚区位置与宽度
Tab.2 Location and width of convergence zone under the background of warm eddy, cold eddy and without eddy in 9 subregions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean
区域 | 环境背景 | 最大声速差 /dB | 会聚区与声源的距离/km | 会聚区宽度/km | 反转深度/m | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d1 | d2 | W1 | W2 | ||||||
区域I 黑潮延伸体 | A | 无涡旋 | 62.25 | 123.24 | 8.34 | 8.82 | 4 026 | ||
冷涡 | 4.042 | 61.63 | 122.05 | 8.10 | 8.60 | 3 927 | |||
暖涡 | 10.867 | 64.07 | 127.09 | 8.68 | 9.44 | 4 058 | |||
B | 无涡旋 | 62.05 | 122.80 | 8.12 | 8.52 | 3 885 | |||
冷涡 | 9.539 | 60.60 | 119.83 | 7.84 | 7.98 | 3 831 | |||
暖涡 | 7.958 | 63.52 | 125.78 | 8.37 | 8.98 | 3 961 | |||
C | 无涡旋 | 61.40 | 121.76 | 8.03 | 8.26 | 3 820 | |||
冷涡 | 14.457 | 59.02 | 116.90 | 7.61 | 7.59 | 3 625 | |||
暖涡 | 6.519 | 62.64 | 124.21 | 8.22 | 8.59 | 3 847 | |||
D | 无涡旋 | 61.05 | 121.03 | 7.55 | 8.03 | 3 809 | |||
冷涡 | 6.957 | 59.87 | 118.38 | 7.35 | 7.60 | 3 670 | |||
暖涡 | 3.254 | 61.48 | 121.95 | 7.66 | 8.45 | 3 831 | |||
E | 无涡旋 | 59.65 | 119.00 | 7.33 | 7.9 | 3 744 | |||
冷涡 | 5.526 | 58.80 | 117.68 | 7.29 | 7.64 | 3 654 | |||
暖涡 | 1.978 | 59.83 | 119.51 | 7.44 | 8.12 | 3 821 | |||
区域Ⅱ 亲潮延伸体 | F | 无涡旋 | 45.12 | 85.82 | 5.72 | 8.86 | 1 742 | ||
冷涡 | 16.106 | ||||||||
暖涡 | 4.094 | 45.74 | 86.15 | 5.81 | 6.32 | 1 763 | |||
G | 无涡旋 | 50.22 | 92.56 | 6.65 | 7.10 | 2 189 | |||
冷涡 | 10.023 | 42.24 | 85.54 | 5.42 | 5.62 | 1 948 | |||
暖涡 | 3.222 | 45.93 | 93.92 | 6.84 | 7.40 | 2 229 | |||
H | 无涡旋 | 44.96 | 93.85 | 7.01 | 7.64 | 2 328 | |||
冷涡 | 8.884 | 44.02 | 91.56 | 5.80 | 6.26 | 2 119 | |||
暖涡 | 7.227 | 47.52 | 97.13 | 7.64 | 8.43 | 2 376 | |||
I | 无涡旋 | 48.40 | 99.55 | 7.17 | 7.74 | 2 461 | |||
冷涡 | 7.563 | 45.97 | 97.16 | 6.07 | 6.31 | 2 167 | |||
暖涡 | 2.048 | 48.75 | 100.94 | 7.34 | 8.12 | 2 480 |
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