印度洋静止气象卫星Meteosat-8/SEVIRI海面温度验证

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)是海洋和气象研究中的关键气候变量,广泛应用于海-气相互作用、海洋混合、边界层过程及海洋状态预报等领域。欧洲静止气象卫星Meteosat-8/SEVIRI(M8)提供的逐小时SST数据是上述工作的重要数据源,但其误差的时空变化尚不明确。为评估M8卫星SST数据的可靠性和适用性,利用实测SST质量监测平台(iQuam)提供的船只、漂流浮标和Argo浮标的SST数据,对M8卫星在印度洋区域的逐小时SST数据进行了验证。结果显示,M8卫星与三种实测数据的平均偏差为-0.06~-0.10 ℃,均方根误差为0.48~1.03 ℃,决定系数为0.96~0.99。其中,漂流浮标与M8卫星的匹配数据量最大、覆盖最广,因此漂流浮标是理想的验证数据源。分析M8卫星SST数据偏差的时空分布发现:在阿拉伯海西北部和孟加拉湾西北部夜间存在0.6 ℃的负偏差,在该海域白天的负偏差更大,而在40°S—60°S部分海域白天则出现了超过1.0 ℃的负偏差;M8卫星SST在夏季较易出现正偏差的极大值,在春、夏转换季则存在极小负偏差。

关键词: 印度洋, Meteosat-8/SEVIRI, 海面温度, 验证

Abstract:

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a key climate variable in oceanographic and meteorological research, widely applied in studies of ocean-atmosphere interactions, ocean mixing, boundary layer processes, and ocean state forecasting. The hourly SST data provided by the European geostationary meteorological satellite Meteosat-8/SEVIRI (M8) is an important data source for these studies. However, the spatiotemporal variations in the errors of SST data from M8 are not yet clear. To assess the reliability and applicability of SST data from M8, this study uses in-situ SST data from the iQuam quality monitoring platform which includes data from ships, drifting buoys, and Argo floats, to validate the hourly SST data from M8 in the Indian Ocean region. The results show that the average bias between M8 and the three types of in-situ data ranges from -0.06 to -0.10 ℃, the root mean square error ranges from 0.48 to 1.03 ℃, and the coefficient of determination ranges from 0.96 to 0.99. Among these, drifting buoys have the most matchups with M8 and the widest coverage, making them an ideal validation data source. Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of SST data biases from M8 reveals a -0.6 ℃ bias at night in the northwestern Arabian Sea and northwestern Bay of Bengal, with larger negative biases during the day in these areas, and a bias exceeding -1.0 ℃ during the day in parts of the 40°S-60°S region. SST data from M8 tends to show maximum positive biases in summer and minimum negative biases during the spring-to-summer transition period.

Key words: Indian Ocean, Meteosat-8/SEVIRI, sea surface temperature, validation

中图分类号:

P731.11

康正武, 涂乾光, 闫运伟, 邢小罡. 印度洋静止气象卫星Meteosat-8/SEVIRI海面温度验证[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(2): 26-39.

KANG Zhengwu, TU Qianguang, YAN Yunwei, XING Xiaogang. Validation of sea surface temperature from the geostationary meteorological satellite Meteosat-8/SEVIRI over the Indian Ocean[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(2): 26-39.

图/表 11

图1 M8卫星与三种实测平台海面温度数据的匹配量空间分布

Fig.1 Spatial distribution of the number of matched SST data points between M8 and three in-situ platforms

图2 M8卫星与三种实测数据的海面温度(a)、纬度(b)和经度(c)匹配情况分布直方图 (海面温度分组间隔为1 ℃,纬度和经度分组间隔为3°,直方图归一化积分为1。)

Fig.2 Histograms of SST (a), latitude (b) and longitude (c) distributions for paired M8 and three in-situ platforms (Grouped by 1 ℃ for SST and 3° for latitude and longitude,histograms normalized to a sum of 1.)

图3 M8卫星与三种实测数据匹配量的月平均变化(a, c, e)与小时平均变化(b, d, f)

Fig.3 Monthly mean variation (a, c, e) and hourly mean variation (b, d, f) of matching amount between M8 and three in-situ platforms

表1 M8卫星与三种实测海面温度数据的误差统计表

Tab.1 Statistical table of SST errors between M8 and three in-situ platforms

实测平台	匹配量/组	平均偏差/℃	均方根误差/℃	决定系数
船只	124 089	-0.10	1.03	0.96
漂流浮标	1 208 438	-0.06	0.48	0.99
Argo浮标	8 067	-0.10	0.53	0.99

图4 M8卫星与三种实测海面温度数据的散点密度图

Fig.4 Scatter density map of SST between M8 and three in-situ platforms

图5 M8卫星与三种实测海面温度数据的平均偏差及均方根误差的空间分布

Fig.5 Spatial distribution map of average deviation and root mean square error of SST between M8 and three in-situ platforms

图6 M8卫星与三种实测海面温度数据的月份与小时平均偏差和均方根误差统计

Fig.6 Statistical graphs of monthly and hourly mean deviation and root mean square error of SST between M8 and three in-situ platforms

表2 M8卫星与漂流浮标夜间和白天海面温度误差统计

Tab.2 Statistics of SST errors between M8 and drifting buoys for night and day

时段	匹配量/组	平均偏差/℃	偏差中位数/℃	均方根误差/℃	鲁棒标准差/℃
夜间	470 166	-0.08	-0.05	0.47	0.41
白天	566 952	-0.04	0.00	0.48	0.40

图7 M8卫星与漂流浮标数据在夜间和白天的匹配量、偏差中位数及鲁棒标准差的空间分布

Fig.7 Spatial distribution of matched number, deviation median, and Robust standard deviation of SST between M8 and drifting buoys during night and day

图8 M8卫星与漂流浮标海面温度误差在夜间和白天的月均变化

Fig.8 Monthly average variation of SST errors between M8 and drifting buoys during night and day

图9 M8卫星与漂流浮标海面温度间的平均偏差、均方根误差和匹配数据占比分别随实测海面温度、卫星天顶角正割值、经度和纬度的变化

Fig.9 Variations in mean deviation, root mean square error and percentage of matched pairs between M8 and drifting buoys as functions of measured SST, secant of satellite zenith angle, longitude and latitude

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