深海橄榄岩蛇纹石化温度条件的氧同位素约束

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深海橄榄岩在海底洋中脊、俯冲带和大陆边缘等构造环境中广泛分布,并普遍经历后期蚀变,其中蛇纹石化作用是最主要的蚀变类型。蛇纹石化是指橄榄岩中富镁铁矿物,如橄榄石和辉石,被蛇纹石、磁铁矿、水镁石等一系列次生矿物所取代的化学过程。蛇纹石化反应条件与热液循环、成矿物质迁移等具有密切的联系,对指示热液成矿作用具有重要意义。传统的岩石矿物学、地球化学方法在反映蛇纹石化条件时具有多解性和不确定性,不同矿物或不同化学指标可能指示不同的结果。氧同位素在自然界普遍存在,氧同位素示踪法具有适用范围广、容易比对、支持原位微区分析等优点,可以清晰地反映矿物或岩石-流体体系的反应条件和过程。该文主要综述了氧同位素测温法的原理、深海橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程、氧同位素测温法在深海橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中的应用案例、蛇纹石氧同位素组成变化的影响因素以及氧同位素测温法的优势和局限性等问题,为后续更深入地了解深海橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程提供参考。

关键词: 深海橄榄岩, 蛇纹石化, 水岩反应, 氧同位素, 温度

Abstract:

Abyssal peridotite is widely distributed in tectonic environments such as mid-ocean ridges, subduction zones, and continental margins, and typically undergoes subsequent alterations, among which serpentinization is the most significant type. Serpentinization refers to the chemical process wherein ferromagnesium-rich minerals in peridotite, such as olivine and pyroxene, are replaced by a series of secondary minerals like serpentine, magnetite, and brucite. The conditions of serpentinization are closely linked with hydrothermal circulation and the migration of mineral-forming substances, bearing significant implications for indicating hydrothermal mineralization. Traditional methods of petrology and geochemistry exhibit polysemic interpretations and uncertainties when reflecting serpentinization conditions, with different minerals or chemical indicators possibly suggesting different outcomes. Oxygen isotopes are ubiquitous in nature and the oxygen isotope tracing method, due to its wide applicability, ease of comparison, and support for in-situ micro-zone analysis, can clearly reflect the reaction conditions and processes of the mineral or rock-fluid system. This study primarily provides an overview of the principles of oxygen isotope thermometry, the process of abyssal peridotite serpentinization, application cases of oxygen isotope thermometry in the serpentinization of abyssal peridotite, factors influencing the oxygen isotope compositions of serpentinites, as well as the advantages and limitations of oxygen isotope thermometry. It aims to offer a reference for a more profound understanding of the serpentinization process of abyssal peridotite.

Key words: abyssal peridotites, serpentinization, water-rock interaction, oxygen isotope, temperature

中图分类号:

许绪成, 余星, 胡航, 何虎, 余娅娜. 深海橄榄岩蛇纹石化温度条件的氧同位素约束[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(2): 104-112.

XU Xucheng, YU Xing, HU Hang, HE Hu, YU Ya’na. Oxygen isotope constraint on the temperature condition of serpentinization in abyssal peridotites[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(2): 104-112.

图/表 3

图1 蛇纹石δ18O值随反应温度变化曲线 (反应曲线为不同流体端元的模拟结果,其中大西洋洋底流体为大西洋中脊23°N Kane地区的热液流体[48]。分馏公式来自SACCOCIA等[12] 。)

Fig.1 The change curve of δ18O value of serpentine with temperature (The curve is generated based on different fluid endmembers, in which the Atlantic Ocean fluid is from the Kane area at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23°N[48]. The fractionation formula is from SACCOCIA et al[12].)

图2 反应系统封闭条件对蛇纹石δ18O值的影响

Fig.2 The impact of the closure conditions of the reaction system on the δ18O value of serpentine

表1 蛇纹石化橄榄岩次生矿物氧同位素比值和形成温度

Tab.1 Oxygen isotope ratios of the secondary minerals in serpentinized peridotites and their formation temperatures

矿物种类	δ¹⁸O/‰	形成温度
矿物种类	δ¹⁸O/‰	温度范围/℃	参考文献
蛇纹石	1.9~9.6 (106)	300~320 (利蛇纹石) 320~550 (叶蛇纹石)	文献[23,36]
磁铁矿	-10.2~4.75 (92)	400~450	文献[44,11]
滑石	3.0~4.7 (11)	272~323	文献[62]
透闪石	5.2~8.0 (8)	350~650	文献[23,63-67]
方解石	12.67~34.1 (103)	2~134	文献[68]
绿泥石	1.12~11.7 (24)	169~207	文献[62]

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