印尼贯穿流出流海域次表层潜流的来源和季节-年际变化特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.001

海洋学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 1-11.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

印尼贯穿流出流海域次表层潜流的来源和季节-年际变化特征

史万里¹^,²(), 胡石建¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

1.中国科学院海洋动力环境观测与预报重点实验室,山东青岛 266071
2.中国科学院海洋环流与波动重点实验室,山东青岛 266071
3.中国科学院大学海洋学院,山东青岛 266071
4.青岛海洋科技中心海洋动力过程与气候功能实验室,山东青岛 266237

收稿日期:2024-04-29 修回日期:2024-05-14 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2025-02-08
通讯作者: 胡石建
作者简介:*胡石建(1984—),男,研究员、博士生导师,主要从事海洋环流与气候变化研究,E-mail:sjhu@qdio.ac.cn。
史万里(1997—),男,山东省济宁市人,主要从事印尼贯穿流研究,E-mail:shi_wanli@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42022040)

Sources and characteristics of seasonal-interannual variability of subsurface undercurrents in the Indonesian Throughflow outflow region

SHI Wanli¹^,²(), HU Shijian¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071, China
2. Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
3. College of Marine Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
4. Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China

Received:2024-04-29 Revised:2024-05-14 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2025-02-08
Contact: HU Shijian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

结合涡分辨率数值模拟数据和历史水文观测数据,研究了印尼贯穿流之下两支次表层潜流——位于翁拜海峡的翁拜潜流和帝汶通道的帝汶潜流的来源和季节与年际变化特征。结果表明,这两支潜流存在于大约200~800 m深度之间,是一个准永久性存在的潜流系统。翁拜潜流的形成主要与南爪哇潜流的东伸有关,而帝汶潜流水体来源较为复杂,主要是南爪哇潜流和卢温潜流的混合水。两支潜流均具有明显的季节变化和年际变化,其中在季节尺度上,具有显著半年周期,通常在印度洋季风转换期(4、5月份和10月份)流量达到峰值。结合历史风场、卫星高度计和温盐观测数据,发现与局地风场及其上升流相关的次表层经向压强梯度是导致其季节变化的主要因素。在年际尺度上,潜流存在2~4 a的周期,与印度洋偶极子存在显著相关。

关键词: 印度尼西亚海域, 东南印度洋, 次表层潜流, 翁拜潜流, 帝汶潜流, 季节变化, 年际变化, 印尼贯穿流

Abstract:

Using eddy-resolving numerical simulation data and historical hydrological observation data, this study investigates the sources, seasonal and interannual variability of two subsurface undercurrents under the Indonesian Throughflow—the Ombai Undercurrent located in the Ombai Strait and the Timor Undercurrent located in the Timor Channel. The results indicate that these two undercurrents exist at depths of approximately 200-800 m, which are a quasi-permanent undercurrent system. The formation of the Ombai Undercurrent is mainly related to the eastward extension of the South Java Undercurrent, while the water source of the Timor Undercurrent is more complex, mostly a mixture of the South Java Undercurrent and the Leeuwin Undercurrent. Both subsurface undercurrents exhibit significant seasonal and interannual variations, with a significant semiannual period at the seasonal scale, typically peaking during the Indian Ocean monsoon transition period (April, May, and October). Combining historical wind, satellite altimeters, and temperature and salinity observation data, it is found that the meridional pressure gradient in the subsurface layer related to local wind and their upwelling is the dominant factor leading to their seasonal changes. At the interannual scale, there is a period of 2-4 years for subsurface undercurrents, which is significantly correlated with the Indian Ocean dipole.

Key words: Indonesian Seas, Southeast Indian Ocean, subsurface undercurrent, Ombai Undercurrent, Timor Undercurrent, seasonal variation, interannual variation, Indonesian Throughflow

中图分类号:

P731.2

史万里, 胡石建. 印尼贯穿流出流海域次表层潜流的来源和季节-年际变化特征[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(4): 1-11.

SHI Wanli, HU Shijian. Sources and characteristics of seasonal-interannual variability of subsurface undercurrents in the Indonesian Throughflow outflow region[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(4): 1-11.

图/表 10

图1 翁拜海峡(a)和帝汶通道(b)的INSTANT观测和OFES模拟的上750 m平均流速以及INSTANT观测和OFES模拟的ITF流量距平(c) (在图a和b中,流速正值表示向东,流速负值表示向西,后文同此。蓝色圆点的大小代表观测和模拟之差的绝对值,红色线为最小二乘法拟合曲线。)

Fig.1 The average velocity above 750 m was observed by INSTANT and simulated by OFES in the Ombai Strait (a) and the Timor Channel (b)and ITF transport anomaly observed by INSTANT and simulated by OFES (c) (In fig.a and b, positive flow velocity values indicate eastward flow, while negative values indicate westward flow, the same applies to the following text. Sizes of blue dots denote the absolute values of the difference between observation and OFES, and the red line shows the least square fitting.)

图2 ITF出流海区的地形图(a)和不同深度(b~d)的海流、海温、盐度 (图a中,红色箭头指示表层流方向。图b~d中,红色框表示研究区;箭头表示海流,数据来自OFES;等值线表示海温,数据来自WOA18;填色表示盐度,数据来自WOA18。)

Fig.2 Topography (a) and currents, temperature and salinity at different depths (b-d)in the ITF outflow region (In fig.a,red arrows represent the direction of surface currents. In fig.b-d, arrows represent currents, data from OFES; contour line represents temperature, data from WOA18; color filling represents salinity, data from WOA18.)

图3 124°E断面翁拜海峡(a~d)和帝汶通道(e~h)OFES的纬向流速 (黑色等值线为流速,实线表示正值,虚线表示负值;蓝色等值线为26.7σθ等位势密度线。)

Fig.3 Zonal velocities of OFES in the Ombai Strait(a-d) and the Timor Channel(e-h)across the 124°E section (The black contour lines represent the velocity, where solid lines represent positive values and dashed lines represent negative values; the blue contour line represents the 26.7σθ potential density line.)

图4 不同月份基于OFES的26.7σθ等位势密度面气候态流场 (箭头表示流场,填色为纬向流流速。)

Fig.4 Climatological ocean currents on the 26.7σθ potential density surface based on OFES in various months (Arrow represents ocean current, color filling represents zonal current velocity.)

图5 在印尼贯穿流(ITF)出流区的地形和四个关键区域(a);A、B、C、D四个区域的温-盐图(b);南爪哇潜流(SJUC)与翁拜潜流的超前-滞后相关(c);西北陆架水(NWS)与帝汶潜流的超前-滞后相关(d) (温、盐和流场数据均来源于OFES。)

Fig.5 Topography and four key regions in the ITF outflow region (a); T-S diagram of A、B、C and D regions (b); the lead-lag relationship of South Java Undercurrent (SJUC) and Ombai Undercurrent (c); the lead-lag relationship of Northwest Shelf (NWS) and Timor Undercurrent (d) (Temperature, salinity, and currents data are from the OFES.)

图6 翁拜海峡(a)、帝汶通道(b)次表层经向压力梯度异常和潜流流量异常以及流量正(c)、负(d)异常月份合成的AVISO动力高度异常和ERA5风场异常 (压力梯度和潜流流量分别由WOA18温、盐和OFES流速计算得到。)

Fig.6 Anomalies of meridional pressure gradient and undercurrent transports in the subsurface layer of the Ombai Strait (a) and the Timor Channel (b),the composite diagrams of absolute dynamic topography of AVISO and wind anomaly of ERA5 from months with positive (c) and negative (d) transport anomalies (The pressure gradient and undercurrent transports were calculated from WOA18 temperature, salinity and OFES velocity, respectively.)

图7 次表层潜流流量的小波谱图

Fig.7 Wavelet spectrum of subsurface undercurrent transport

图8 Ni?o指数和DMI指数与次表层潜流流量异常之间的关系

Fig.8 The relationship between Ni?o Index, DMI Index and the subsurface undercurrent transport anomaly

图9 次表层潜流流量和DMI指数在各月份的相关系数

Fig.9 Correlation coefficient between subsurface undercurrent transport and DMI Index in each month

表1 不同月份潜流的来源

Tab.1 Sources of undercurrent in different months

潜流名称	月份
潜流名称	1月	4月	7月	10月
翁拜潜流		SJUC	SJUC	SJUC
帝汶潜流		萨武海和卢温潜流	SJUC和卢温潜流	SJUC

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印尼贯穿流出流海域次表层潜流的来源和季节-年际变化特征

Sources and characteristics of seasonal-interannual variability of subsurface undercurrents in the Indonesian Throughflow outflow region

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