基于沉积物收支平衡理论的潮滩冲淤变化分析:以江苏大丰潮滩为例

雷思; 朱士兵; 张一乙; 李明亮; 汪亚平; 高超; 吴自银; 高抒; 周洁琼

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.03.005

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海洋学研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3) : 40-48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.03.005

研究论文

基于沉积物收支平衡理论的潮滩冲淤变化分析:以江苏大丰潮滩为例

雷思 ¹^,² ,
朱士兵 ³ ,
张一乙 ⁴^,⁵^,^* ,
李明亮 ⁶ ,
汪亚平 ¹ ,
高超 ¹ ,
吴自银 ² ,
高抒 ¹ ,
周洁琼 ²

作者信息 +

Analysis of tidal flat erosion and deposition changes with sediment budget: A case study of Dafeng tidal flat on the Jiangsu coast

LEI Si ¹^,² ,
ZHU Shibing ³ ,
ZHANG Yiyi ⁴^,⁵^,^* ,
LI Mingliang ⁶ ,
WANG Yaping ¹ ,
GAO Chao ¹ ,
WU Ziyin ² ,
GAO Shu ¹ ,
ZHOU Jieqiong ²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

准确评估潮滩冲淤动态对于海岸带资源管理与防灾减灾至关重要。然而,受人工岸线固化和潮滩剖面演变的时滞效应的影响,传统的基于岸线变迁的方法在评估潮滩形态和动力方面往往存在较大不确定性,对其中内在机制的解析也较为不足。本研究于2021年5月在江苏海岸的大丰潮滩的上、中、下潮间带进行了连续19个潮周期的同步水文-沉积-地貌动态测量。通过构建沉积物质量守恒模型,定量分析了观测期内沉积物的输运过程及其与潮滩地貌动态变化的关联。结果表明,基于沉积物收支关系估算的滩面冲淤变化与实测高程变化基本一致,验证了该方法在刻画潮滩地貌动态变化方面的有效性。此外,分析结果还表明高能动力(如大潮、强风浪)是潮滩侵蚀的主要驱动力。本研究可为潮滩地貌过程研究与科学管理提供新的实证依据与方法支持。

Abstract

Accurate assessment of tidal flat erosion and deposition dynamics is very important for coastal zone resource management and disaster prevention and mitigation. However, due to the solidification of artificial shorelines and the time-lag effect of tidal flat profile evolution, the methods based on shoreline transition often have great uncertainty in evaluating tidal flat morphology and dynamics, and the analysis of the internal mechanism is also relatively insufficient. In this study, synchronous hydrological-sedimentary-geomorphological dynamic measurements were carried out for 19 consecutive tidal cycles in the upper, middle and lower intertidal zones on the Dafeng tidal flat on the coast of Jiangsu in May 2021. A sediment conservation model was constructed to quantitatively analyze the transport process of sediments during the observation period and its relationship with the dynamic changes of tidal flat landforms. The results show that the erosion and deposition changes estimated based on sediment budget are basically consistent with the measured elevation changes, which verifies the effectiveness of this method in describing the tidal flat landform dynamics. In addition, the analysis also shows that high energy dynamics (such as spring tide and strong wind wave) are the main driving forces of tidal flat erosion. This study can provide a new empirical basis and method support for the research and scientific management of tidal flat landform process.

导出引用

雷思, 朱士兵, 张一乙, 等. 基于沉积物收支平衡理论的潮滩冲淤变化分析:以江苏大丰潮滩为例[J]. 海洋学研究. 2025, 43(3): 40-48 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.03.005

LEI Si, ZHU Shibing, ZHANG Yiyi, et al. Analysis of tidal flat erosion and deposition changes with sediment budget: A case study of Dafeng tidal flat on the Jiangsu coast[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences. 2025, 43(3): 40-48 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2025.03.005

中图分类号： P737.1

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https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.04.007

摘要

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ZHANG

, LIU

X G

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https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.04.007

本文引用 [1] 摘要

Coastal erosion leads to land loss and seriously threatens people’s life and property safety. It is great significant to identify coastal erosion vulnerability for disaster prevention and mitigation. The evaluation index system was constructed from three aspects: coastal dynamics, coastal morphology and social economy. Using the DSAS model and remote sensing data, the coast was discretized into equally spaced units based on section method, the weight and grade of the evaluation index were determined based on the entropy weight method, the coastal erosion vulnerability in the study area was calculated, and the spatial differentiation and influencing factors of coastal erosion vulnerability were identified by geographic detector. The results showed that the proportions of coastal erosion vulnerability for extremely high vulnerability, high vulnerability, medium vulnerability, low vulnerability and extremely low vulnerability in central coast of Jiangsu were 5.60%, 15.80%, 30.93%, 24.21%, and 23.46%, respectively, that showed a decreasing trend from north to south. The extremely vulnerable areas of coastal erosion were mainly located in the coastal area between the Zhongshan Estuary and the Sheyang Estuary. The spatial differentiation of coastal erosion vulnerability in central Jiangsu was the result of the synergistic effect of multiple factors such as coastal dynamics, coastal morphology, and economic and social activities. Among them, tidal slope, land cover, average tidal range, and coastline change rate were the dominant factors for the spatial differentiation of coastal erosion vulnerability.

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