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联合国“海洋十年”——以全球科技合力共筑海洋命运共同体
王云涛, 毛洋洋, 王峥, 蒋悦, 孔孟乐, 王鹏斌, 梁裕扬
海洋学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1) : 48-65.
PDF(3369 KB)
PDF(3369 KB)
联合国“海洋十年”——以全球科技合力共筑海洋命运共同体
The United Nations “Ocean Decade”: Advancing a shared future for the ocean through global scientific collaboration
联合国“海洋科学促进可持续发展十年(2021—2030)”(以下简称“海洋十年”)作为一项全球性科学倡议,旨在将海洋科学研究与创新能力转化为推动全球海洋治理的发展体系。该倡议通过构建跨学科、跨区域和跨机构的合作框架,致力于提升海洋观测能力、促进数据与知识共享,并加强科学成果向政策实践的转化。中国作为参与该倡议的关键国家,通过设立国家委员会、主导大科学计划、建设协作中心等方式,系统推进“海洋十年”倡议实施。在此过程中,科研机构在科学计划实施、技术创新与国际合作等方面发挥了重要作用。例如,自然资源部第二海洋研究所牵头实施或深度参与多项“海洋十年”行动方案,在国际前沿研究以及能力建设等领域形成了具有国际显示度的科研与合作体系。尽管“海洋十年”的实施已经取得一定进展,但全球海洋治理仍面临诸多挑战,包括各国在科技能力与资源投入方面的差距、数据共享机制的不完善、科学成果向政策转化效率不高、地缘政治因素影响国际合作等。为实现2030年可持续发展目标,未来需要进一步深化科学创新,完善开放共享机制,加强包容性合作,推动构建更加公平、有效的全球海洋治理体系。在此过程中,各国科研机构可通过持续参与全球观测网络建设、推动数字化与智能化技术发展、支持区域合作与能力建设等方式,为实现“科学共所需,海洋同所期”的“海洋十年”愿景提供科学支撑。
The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) (hereinafter referred to as the “UN Ocean Decade”) is a global scientific initiative aimed at transforming and advancing the global ocean governance system through enhanced marine scientific research and innovation. By establishing a collaborative framework that spans disciplines, regions, and institutions, the initiative seeks to improve ocean observation capabilities, promote data and knowledge sharing, and strengthen the translation of scientific findings into policy and practice. As one of the participating countries in this initiative, China has systematically advanced related actions through the establishment of a national committee, the leadership of major scientific programs and construct Decade Collaborative Center. In this process, scientific research institutions have played a critical role in the implementation of scientific programs, technological innovation, and international cooperation. For instance, the Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources has led or deeply involved in several endorsed UN Ocean Decade actions that have established internationally recognized research and collaboration systems in areas such as conducting cutting-edge science and technology, and promoting capacity-building. Although significant progress has been made in the implementation of the UN Ocean Decade, global ocean governance still faces numerous challenges. These include disparities in technological capabilities and resource investments among countries, inadequacies in data-sharing mechanisms, and inefficiencies in translating scientific outcomes into policy. Additionally, geopolitical factors may also impact international cooperation. To achieve the goals set for 2030, further efforts are needed to deepen scientific innovation, improve open-sharing mechanisms, and strengthen inclusive collaboration, thereby promoting the establishment of a more equitable and effective global ocean governance system. In this process, research institutions worldwide can contribute to the realization of the UN Ocean Decade vision by continuing to participate in global observation networks, advancing digital and intelligent technologies, and supporting regional cooperation and capacity-building.
联合国“海洋十年” / 可持续发展 / 全球海洋治理 / 国际合作 / 自然灾害防治 / 海洋生态环境 / 海洋命运共同体 / 能力建设
United Nations Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Decade / sustainable development / global ocean governance / international cooperation / mitigation of natural incidence / marine ecosystem / shared future for the ocean / capacity building
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Marine plastic pollution is present in all oceans, including remote oceanic islands. Despite the increasing number of articles on plastic pollution in the last years, there is still a lack of studies in islands, that are biodiversity hotspots when compared to the surrounding ocean, and even other recognized highly biodiverse marine environments. Articles published in the peer reviewed literature (N = 20) were analysed according to the presence of macro (>5 mm) and microplastics (<5 mm) on beaches and the marine habitats immediately adjacent to 31 islands of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. The first articles date from the 1980s, but most were published in the 2000s. Articles on macroplastics were predominant in this review (N = 12). Beaches were the most studied environment, possibly due to easy access. The main focus of most articles was the spatial distribution of plastics associated with variables such as position of the beach in relation to wind and currents. Very few studies have analysed plastics colonization by organisms or the identification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Islands of the North/South Atlantic and Caribbean Sea were influenced by different sources of macroplastics, being marine-based sources (i.e., fishing activities) predominant in the Atlantic Ocean basin. On the other hand, in the Caribbean Sea, land-based sources were more common.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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