阿拉伯海海底压强季节变化及其影响因素

章坤; 张涛; 邬宾杰; 张登; 郑华; 丁睿彬

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2026.01.007

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海洋学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1) : 83-92. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2026.01.007

海洋观测与技术创新

阿拉伯海海底压强季节变化及其影响因素

章坤 ¹^,² ,
张涛 ¹^,² ,
邬宾杰 ¹^,² ,
张登 ¹^,² ,
郑华 ¹^,² ,
丁睿彬 ¹^,²

作者信息 +

Seasonal variability and its influencing factors of ocean bottom pressure in the Arabian Sea

ZHANG Kun ¹^,² ,
ZHANG Tao ¹^,² ,
WU Binjie ¹^,² ,
ZHANG Deng ¹^,² ,
ZHENG Hua ¹^,² ,
DING Ruibin ¹^,²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

海底压强对解析海平面收支和海洋深部环流动力机制具有重要意义。基于2002—2024年GRACE卫星反演的海底压强观测数据,本文系统分析了阿拉伯海海底压强的时空变化特征及其动力机制。结果表明,阿拉伯海海底压强变化的年振幅呈显著空间差异,中心海区的振幅较大,外围海域相对较小;海底压强的月际变化在全海域表现出空间一致性,季节演变特征表现为冬季(1月—3月)负异常与夏季(7月—9月)正异常的双峰结构。结合ERA5再分析数据发现,阿拉伯海海底压强变化存在南、北海区动力过程分异特征:南部海域海底压强受风应力旋度主导,风应力旋度超前海底压强约1个月(相位差30°),二者呈负相关关系;北部海域由风生埃克曼过程调控,埃克曼抽吸超前海底压强约1个月,二者呈正相关关系。上述南、北海区的动力分异机制,可归因于经向平均大气压的边界约束效应。进一步研究发现,印度洋偶极子对阿拉伯海海底压强的影响呈现季节不对称性:夏季平均海底压强与超前6个月的偶极子指数呈显著相关,而冬季的相关性则不显著。

Abstract

The study of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) is great significance for understanding the mechanisms of sea level budget changes and deep ocean circulation. Based on 23 years of OBP data observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, this study systematically reveals the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanism of OBP variations in the Arabian Sea. There is a strong OBP oscillation center in the central area of the Arabian Sea. The OBP changes throughout the region are unified in space and time. It has significant seasonal variation features, showing a double-peak structure of negative anomalies in winter (January to March) and positive anomalies in summer (July to September). Combining the reanalysis data of ERA5, it is found that there is a dynamic divergence mechanism of OBP oscillation between the northern and southern areas of the Arabian Sea. The southern area is dominated by wind stress curl, with a negative correlation response leading OBP by 30° (about 1 month). The northern area is regulated by the wind-driven Ekman process, with Ekman pumping/suction leading by 1 month to trigger a positive correlation. This divergence mechanism is attributed to the boundary constraint effect of the meridional mean atmospheric pressure standard deviation. The impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on OBP shows seasonal asymmetry: in summer, OBP is significantly correlated with the dipole mode index (DMI) leading by 6 months, while in winter, the correlation between the mean OBP and the DMI in each mounth is not significance.

导出引用

章坤, 张涛, 邬宾杰, 等. 阿拉伯海海底压强季节变化及其影响因素[J]. 海洋学研究. 2026, 44(1): 83-92 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2026.01.007

ZHANG Kun, ZHANG Tao, WU Binjie, et al. Seasonal variability and its influencing factors of ocean bottom pressure in the Arabian Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences. 2026, 44(1): 83-92 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2026.01.007

中图分类号： P738.2

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Using the GRACE satellite observation during 2003-2015, we reveal characteristics of the ocean bottom pressure (OBP) variability in the Indian Ocean, and explore their potential dynamics. The results show that the OBP in the Indian Ocean has significant seasonal variability. In the boreal winter, the OBP shows negative (positive) anomaly north (south) of 40 ^oS; and the pattern in summer is opposite to that in winter. The spatial pattern of the Ekman transport has a good correspondence with the OBP pattern in the Indian Ocean. The diagnosis results derived from the barotropic vorticity equation show that the OBP reconstructed by sea surface wind can better explain both the seasonal and long-term variations of the OBP in the Indian Ocean. In addition, analysis of sea level budget suggests that variation of OBP dominates sea level changes at high latitudes.

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Seasonal variability of the ocean bottom pressure (OBP) in the world oceans is investigated using 15 years of GRACE observations and a Pressure Coordinate Ocean Model (PCOM). In boreal winter, negative OBP anomalies appear in the northern North Pacific, subtropical South Pacific and north of 40 °S in the Indian Ocean, while OBP anomaly in the Southern Ocean is positive. The summer pattern is opposite to that in winter. The centers of positive (negative) OBP signals have a good coherence with the mass convergence/divergence due to Ekman transport, indicating the importance of wind forcing. The PCOM model reproduces the observed OBP quite well. Sensitivity experiments indicate that wind forcing dominates the regional OBP seasonal variations, while the contributions due to heat flux and freshwater flux are unimportant. Experiments with daily sea level pressure (SLP) forcing suggest that at high frequencies the non-static effect of SLP is not negligible.

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