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渤、黄、东海寒潮风暴潮增水特征及机理分析——以2022年冬季一次强寒潮事件为例
刘悦萱, 鲍敏, 曹振轶, 丁扬, 周锋
海洋学研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2) : 1-12.
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渤、黄、东海寒潮风暴潮增水特征及机理分析——以2022年冬季一次强寒潮事件为例
Analysis of the characteristics and mechanism of cold wave-induced storm surge water elevation in the Bohai Sea， Yellow Sea， and East China Sea： Take the severe cold wave of winter 2022 as an example
本文针对2022年冬季一次强寒潮引发的渤、黄、东海风暴潮过程，利用WRF和FVCOM模式构建了高分辨率大气-海洋耦合数值模型，系统分析了该过程的时空演变特征及动力学机制。模拟结果显示：寒潮初期，在强偏北风作用下，渤海海水由北向南输运，导致辽东湾和渤海湾显著减水，而莱州湾因岸线阻挡产生堆风增水；随寒潮南下，水体向黄、东海方向移动，渤海全境依次转为减水状态。此次过程在渤、黄、东海沿岸诱发了两次显著的增水事件。通过对黄海两岸验证站点的余水位进行经验模态分解发现，IMF3模态清晰地捕捉到了陆架波在朝鲜半岛西岸由北向南传播并跨越黄海抵达山东半岛南部的物理特征。研究表明，第一次增水由局部风应力强迫与陆架波传播共同驱动，而第二次增水则主要受控于陆架波的自由传播。 本研究揭示了冬季寒潮背景下远场传播的陆架波对近岸水位波动的重要贡献，可为防灾减灾提供科学理论支撑。
In this study， a high-resolution atmosphere-ocean coupled numerical model was constructed based on the WRF model and FVCOM model to investigate a storm surge event induced by a severe cold wave in the Bohai Sea， Yellow Sea and East China Sea during winter 2022. The temporal-spatial evolution characteristics and dynamic mechanism of this event were systematically analyzed. The simulation results showed that in the early stage of the cold wave， under the forcing of strong northerly winds， seawater in the Bohai Sea was transported from the north to the south， leading to significant water level drawdown in Liaodong Bay and Bohai Bay， while Laizhou Bay experienced wind-driven set-up （water level increase） due to coastal blocking； as the cold air progressed southward， seawater masses transported toward the Yellow Sea and East China Sea， and the entire Bohai Sea sequentially entered a set-down（water level drawdown） state. This process induced two distinct water level setup events along the coasts of the Bohai Sea， Yellow Sea and East China Sea. By applying empirical mode decomposition （EMD） to the residual water levels at validation stations along both coasts of the Yellow Sea， it was found that the IMF3 mode clearly captured the physical characteristics of shelf waves propagating southward along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula， crossing the Yellow Sea， and reaching the southern Shandong Peninsula. The findings demonstrated that the first water level setup event was co-driven by local wind stress forcing and shelf wave propagation， while the second water level setup event was mainly controlled by the free propagation of shelf waves. This study revealed the important contribution of remotely propagating shelf waves to coastal water level fluctuations under the background of winter cold wave， which could provide scientific support for disaster prevention and mitigation.
渤、黄、东海沿岸 / 强寒潮事件 / 风暴潮 / 数值模拟 / WRF模式 / FVCOM模式 / 经验模态分解 / 陆架波
coasts of the Bohai Sea， Yellow Sea， and East China Sea / severe cold wave event / storm surge / numerical simulation / WRF model / FVCOM model / EMD / shelf wave
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