南海土台风,是在南海局地形成的热带气旋的统称。本文选用1949—2014年CMA-STI 整编的“热带气旋最佳路径数据集”,对研究区域范围(5°～22.5°N、105°～120.5°E)的南海土台风强度及强度变化特征进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)南海土台风强度随时间的变化曲线呈近似对称的“漏斗状”,即强度从弱—强—弱的变化,在最大强度前后6 h时域内强度变化最显著,夏季台风强度变化比冬季快。(2)土台风强度存在1个增强中心,位于海南岛以东的南海北部近海区域,在中国华南沿岸陆区则减弱明显;台风增强/减弱区域随着季节变化而南北移动,夏季主要在北部近海/近岸区域18°~23°N附近,冬季随台风活动南移至10~18°N附近靠近西部近海/近岸区域,且冬季的平均减弱速率较夏季大。(3)东向移动的土台风最大强度一般比西向移动的强,其中夏季东移台风平均强度最大,冬季西移台风强度最小;夏季东移台风最大强度前后强度变化最快,冬季西移台风变化最慢;夏季西移台风强度分布呈北强南弱、东移台风强度呈东北向带状分布,冬季东、西移台风强度分布皆呈西强东弱,这种空间分布差异,主要是台风移动路径随季节变化而形成的。(4)海上活动时间的长短与台风最大强度的大小、变化幅度成正比。海上活动时间较短的台风,以西行路径为主,强度的分布较均匀,平均强度较弱,增强/减弱中心较多而小,增强/减弱速率较慢;反之,海上活动时间较长的台风,以东行路径居多,强度的分布呈多中心状,平均强度较强,增强/减弱中心较集中且广阔,增强/减弱速率较快。
Abstract
The local typhoon refers to the tropical cyclone formed in the South China Sea. 1949-2014 CMA-STI compiled "best track dataset for tropical cyclone" was chosen in this study, the local typhoon intensity and intensity change characteristics on the scope of the study area (5°-22.5°N, 105°-120.5°E) were discussed. The results showed as follows: (1) The time curves of local typhoon intensity were similar to symmetric funnel-shape, that was changed from weak-strong-weak, intensity change was the most significant before and after 6 h in maximum intensity, and intensity change in summer was quickly than in winter. (2)The local typhoons had one intensified centers, located in the east of Hainan Island coastal area, but which decreased obviously near the south China coastal land area; further analysis showed that the typhoon intensified/weakened area moved with the changing seasons, in the summer it was mainly in the north offshore/nearshore area near 18°-23° N, while in the winter it was close to the west offshore/nearshore area near 10°-18° N, and the average decreased rate in winter was bigger than that in summer. (3) Furthermore, the eastward local typhoon intensity was generally stronger than that of westward, average intensity of summer eastward typhoon was the largest and that of winter westward typhoon intensity was the least; around the maximum intensity, the summer eastward typhoon intensity change was the fastest and winter westward typhoon was the slowest. Summer westward typhoon intensity distribution was stronger in the north, and eastward typhoon intensity distribution formed a northeast belt-shaped. In winter, westward and eastward typhoon intensity distribution was stronger in west. The difference of such spatial distribution was mainly due to the typhoon moving paths with the seasons. (4)The duration time of maritime activity with the intensity and variation in the range was proportional. The shorter maritime activity, the more westward paths, the average intensity was weaker, intensified/weakened centers was much smaller, intensified/weakened rate was slower; conversely, the longer maritime activity, the more eastward paths, the intensity distribution had multicenter, its average intensity was stronger, intensified/weakened center was more concentrated and broad, intensified/weakened rate was faster.
关键词
台风 /
强度 /
强度变化 /
南海
Key words
typhoon /
intensity /
intensity change /
the South China Sea
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] NIE Gui-zhen. Preliminary analysis of tropical cyclones influence on the South China Sea[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1990,9(2):27-32.
聂桂珍.影响南海的热带气旋活动初步分析[J].海洋通报,1990,9(2):27-32.
[2] GUAN Fen-cheng, XIE Qing-hua. The statistical characteristics of typhoon in the South China Sea[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1984,8(3):19-27.
关芬呈,谢清华.南海台风的统计特征[J].海洋通报,1984,8(3):19-27.
[3] ZOU Mei-en, LIANG Bi-qi. A study of the monsoon depression in contrast with the typhoon over the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University, 1984,2(2):91-99.
邹美恩,梁必骐.南海季风低压和南海台风的对比分析[J].中山大学学报,1984,2(2):91-99.
[4] WANG Gui-hua, SU Ji-lan, DING Yi-hui . Tropical cyclone genesis over the South China sea[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2007, 68(3): 318-326.
[5] GOH A Z C, CHAN J C L. Interannual and interdecadal variation of tropical cyclone activity in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Climatology, 2010, 30(6):827-843.
[6] LING Zheng, WANG Gui-hua, WANG Chun-zai. Out-of-phase relationship between tropical cyclones generated locally in the South China Sea and non-locally from the Northwest Pacific Ocean[J]. Journal of Climate Dynamic ,2015, 45(3-4):1 129-1 136.
[7] CHENG Han, LIANG Chu-jin, DONG Chang-ming, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of local typhoon and non-local typhoon in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Science, 2014, 32(1):19-30.
程撼,梁楚进,董昌明,等. 南海土台风和非局地台风的对比研究[J].海洋学研究,2014, 32(1):19-30.
[8] WU Di-sheng, ZHAO Xue, FENG Wei-zhong, et al. The statistical analyse to the local harmful typhoon of South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2005,21(6):309-313.
吴迪生,赵雪,冯伟忠,等.南海灾害性土台风统计分析[J]. 热带气象学报,2005,21(6):309-313.
[9] CHEN Ren-zhen. Latitudinal distribution characteristics of tropical cyclone in South China Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2007,26(4):465-469.
陈润珍.南海热带气旋纬向分布特征[J].台湾海峡,2007,26(4):465-469.
[10] YANG Ya-xing. Occurrence regularity of tropical cyclone in South China Sea[J]. Journal of Shanghai Martime University, 2005,26(4):16-19.
杨亚新.1949-2003南海热带气旋的发生规律[J].上海海事大学学报,2005,26(4):16-19.
[11] ZHU Li-juan, WANG Ya-fei, YIN Zhi-cong. Relationship between tropical cyclone activity over the South China Sea and tropical ISO propagation[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2013,29(5): 737-748.
祝丽娟,王亚非,尹志聪.热带季节内振荡与南海热带气旋活动的关系[J].热带气象学报,2013,29(5): 737-748.
[12] CHEN Min, ZHENG Yong-guang, TAO Zu-yu. An analysis on tropical cyclones climatic feature in the wester north Pacific for 1949-1996[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 1999,15(2):10-16.
陈敏,郑永光,陶祖钰.近50年(1949-1996)西北太平洋热带气旋气候特征的再分析[J].热带气象学报,1999,15(2):10-16.
[13] BAI Li-na, WANG Yuan. Climatic variation of the occurring and landing frequencies of tropical cyclones initiated from South China Sea[J]. Journal of Nanjing University: Natural Science, 2009, 46(11):757-766.
白莉娜,王元.南海源地热带气旋生成和登陆频数的气候变异[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,2009, 46(11):757-766.
[14] GUO Zhi-liang, LI Wei-biao, WANG Lei, et al. Comparison of developing and non-developing tropical disturbances over the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2015,34(5):36-46.
郭智亮,黎伟标,王磊,等.南海发展与不发展热带扰动特征差异的对比分析[J].热带海洋学报,2015,34(5):36-46.
[15] CHEN Shu-min, LI Wei-biao. Analyze of the relationship between the air-sea flux and the tracks of tropical cyclones in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of the Graduates Sun Yat-Sen University: Natural Sciences, Medicine, 2009,30(2):92-102.
陈淑敏,黎伟标.南海热带气旋路径与海气通量的特征分析[J].中山大学研究生学刊: 自然科学、医学版,2009,30(2):92-102.
[16] JIANG Di, HUANG Fei, HAO Guang-hua, et al. The characteristics of air-sea hat flux exchange during the generation and development of the local typhoon over the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2012,28(12):888-895.
蒋迪,黄菲,郝光华,等.南海土台风生成及发展过程海气热通量交换特征[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(12):888-895.
[17] ZHU Wei-jun, HU Rui-qing, XU Ming. Analysis on the frequency and water vapor condition for the formation of tropical cyclones over South China Sea and North Pacific Ocean during different periods[J]. Trans Amos Sci, 2014,37(3):344-353.
朱伟军,胡瑞卿,徐明.西北太平洋和南海不同时段生成热带气旋频数及其水汽条件的分类[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(3):344-353.
[18] YAN Jun-yue, ZHANG Xiu-zhi, CHEN Qian-jin, et al. The standard of rapidly intensified tropical cyclones[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 1995,21(5):9-13.
阎俊岳,张秀芝,陈乾金,等.热带气旋迅速加强标准的研究[J].气象,1995,21(5):9-13.
[19] YING M W, ZHANG H Y, LU X, et al. An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J]. Atmos Oceanic Technol, 2014, 31(2): 287-301.
[20] SUN Jia, ZUO Jun-cheng, LING Zheng, et al. Role of ocean upper layer warm water in the rapid intensification of tropical cyclones: A case study of typhoon Rammasun (1409)[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2016, 35(3):63-68.
[21] ZHANG Qing-rong, DU Yan, WANG Dong-xiao. Shape features of warm water in South Chins Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2001, 20(1):69-76.
张庆荣,杜岩,王东晓.南海暖水形态特征[J].热带海洋学报,2001,20(1):69-76.
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划资助(2013CB430301)
PDF(7710 KB)
