本研究利用1990年、2006年、2010年和2016年11月在南麂列岛、北龙-北麂列岛和洞头列岛的调查结果和历史资料,分析了浙南岛屿岩相潮间带大型底栖动物优势种的时空变化及生态位。结果显示:4次调查数据中主要优势种有15种,前4位优势种分别为日本笠藤壶、条纹隔贻贝、疣荔枝螺和小结节滨螺;30 a来日本笠藤壶有逐渐被条纹隔贻贝取代的趋势。在区域分布上,北龙-北麂列岛和洞头列岛以日本笠藤壶为第一优势种,南麂列岛以条纹隔贻贝为第一优势种。各优势种的生态位宽度值(Bi)范围为0~0.97,Bi大于0.70的有疣荔枝螺、日本花棘石鳖、条纹隔贻贝、小结节滨螺、龟足、日本笠藤壶,表明这些物种在多数环境位点都有出现且对环境适应能力强;Bi小于0.4的物种有毛贻贝、刺巨藤壶、隆起隔贻贝、棘刺牡蛎、厚壳贻贝和东方小藤壶,表明它们只在少数的环境位点出现且对资源利用能力较弱。生态位重叠值(Oik)范围为0~0.96,Bi大于0.7的物种间重叠度较高,Oik值均大于0.53;Bi在0.4~0.7的物种间Oik值为0.34~0.66;而Bi小于0.4的物种间Oik值在0~0.69之间。说明生态位宽度大的物种之间重叠度较高,但生态位宽度小的物种之间重叠度不一定低。
Abstract
To understand the trends of the dominant species of macrozoobenthos and their niches in the intertidal zone of islands off sourthern Zhejiang, the interannual changes and succession of macrozoobenthic community structure were analyzed based on the data collected from the November of 1990, 2006, 2010 and 2016 in Nanji Islands, Beilong-Beiji Islands and Dongtou Islands. The results showed that there were 15 dominant species of macrozoobenthos and the top four dominant species were Tetraclita japonica, Septifer virgatus, Thais clavigera and Nodilittorina exigua.The T. japonica had been gradually replaced by S. virgatusin the past 30 years. In terms of geography, the most dominant species in Beilong-Beiji Islands and Dongtou Islands was T. japonica, while in the Nanji Islands was S. virgatus. The niche breadth (Bi) of the dominant species was 0-0.97, and species with Bi greater than 0.70 were T. clavigera, Liolophura japonica, S. virgatus, N. exigua, Capitulum mitella and T. japonica, indicating that these species appeared at many resource sites and had strong adaptability to the environment. Species with Bi less than 0.4 were Trichomya hirsuta, Megabalanus volcano, Septiper excisus,Saccostrea kegaki,Mytilus coruscus and Chthamalus challengeri, indicating these species only appeared at very few resource sites and were weak in resource utilization. The niche overlap value(Oik) of the dominant species was 0-0.96. The species with Bi greater than 0.70 had higher Oik, and Oik were all greater than 0.53. The species with Bi between 0.4-0.7 had Oik among 0.34-0.66, while the species with Bi less than 0.4 had not necessarily lower Oik, and their Oik were among 0 and 0.69, indicating that the species with larger Bi had higher Oik, but species with small Bi may have high or low Oik.
关键词
大型底栖动物 /
群落结构 /
生态位 /
种间竞争
Key words
macrozoobenthos /
community structure /
niche /
interspecific competition
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 赵永强,曾江宁,陈全震,等.宁波大榭开发区北岸潮间带春季大型底栖动物群落格局[J].动物学杂志,2009,44(2):78-83.
ZHAO Yongqiang, ZENG Jiangning, CHEN Quanzhen, et al. Macrozoo benthos community pattern in the intertidal zone alongside Daxie development region in spring[J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2009, 44(2): 78-83.
[2] 焦海峰,彭小明,尤仲杰,等.渔山岛岩礁基质潮间带大型底栖动物优势种生态位[J].生物多样性,2011,19(5):511-518.
JIAO Haifeng, PENG Xiaoming, YOU Zhongjie, et al. Niche analysis of dominant species of macrobenthic community at a tidal flat of Yushan Islands[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2011, 19(5): 511-518.
[3] RANASINGHE J A, SCHIFF K C, MONTAGNE D E, et al. Benthic macrofaunal community condition in the Southern California Bight, 1994-2003[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010, 60(6): 827-833.
[4] 汤雁滨,廖一波,寿鹿,等.南麂列岛潮间带大型底栖动物群落优势种生态位[J].生态学报,2016,36(2):489-498.
TANG Yanbin, LIAO Yibo, SHOU Lu, et al. Intertidal zone of the Nanji Islands is a niche for dominant species of the microbenthic community[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(2): 489-498.
[5] 葛宝明,郑祥,程宏毅,等.灵昆岛围垦滩涂潮沟大型底栖动物群落和物种生态位分析[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(5):675-681.
GE Baoming, ZHENG Xiang, CHENG Hongyi, et al. The Marobenthic community and niche analysis of creeks in diked tidal flat at Lingkun Island, Wenzhou Bay[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2007, 31(5): 675-681.
[6] 胡知渊,鲍毅新,葛宝明,等.围垦滩涂潮沟秋季大型底栖动物群落和生态位分析[J].动物学报,2006,52(4):800-809.
HU Zhiyuan, BAO Yixin, GE Baoming, et al. Macrobenthic community and niche analysis of creeks during autumn in diked tidal flat[J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 2006, 52(4): 800-809.
[7] 赵永强,曾江宁,高爱根,等.椒江口潮间带大型底栖动物的生态位[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1176-1183.
ZHAO Yongqiang, ZENG Jiangning, GAO Aigen, et al. Niche of macrozoobenthos in intertidal zone of Jiaojiang Estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(5): 1176-1183.
[8] 刘建军,徐艳华.水磨河底栖动物群落结构的生态位分析[J].水生生物学报,1997,21(2):101-108.
LIU Jianjun, XU Yanhua. The niche analysis of benthic animal community in Shuimo River[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1997, 21(2): 101-108.
[9] 国家海洋标准计量中心.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查:GB/T12763.6—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology. Specifications for oceanographic survey Part 6: Marine biological survey: GB/T12763.6-2007[S]. Beijing: China Quality and Standards Publishing, 2007.
[10] 安传光,赵云龙,林凌,等.崇明岛潮间带夏季大型底栖动物多样性[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):577-586.
AN Chuanguang, ZHAO Yunlong, LIN Ling, et al. The biodiversity of marobenthos of intertidal zone on Chongming Island in summer[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(2): 577-586.
[11] 程济生.黄海无脊椎动物资源结构及多样性[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(1):68-75.
CHENG Jisheng. Structure and diversity of invertebrate resources in the Yellow Sea[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2005, 12(1): 68-75.
[12] SHANNON C E, WEAVER W, WIENER N. The mathematical theory of communication[M]. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1949.
[13] PIANKA E R. The structure of lizard communities[J]. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 1973, 4: 53-74.
[14] 吕永林,张永普,李凯,等.浙江洞头大竹屿岛潮间带大型底栖生物多样性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(4):707-716.
LÜ Yonglin, ZHANG Yongpu, LI Kai, et al. Macrobenthos diversity in intertidal zone of Dazhuyu Island, Dongtou County of Zhejiang Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(4): 707-716.
[15] 谢志才,马凯,叶麟,等.保安湖大型底栖动物结构与分布格局研究[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(2):174-183.
XIE Zhicai, MA Kai, YE Lin, et al. Structure and special distributional pattern of macrozoobenthos in Baoan Lake[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2007, 31(2): 174-183.
[16] 周洪华,陈亚宁,李卫红.塔里木河下游绿洲-荒漠过渡带植物多样性特征及优势种群分布格局[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):688-696.
ZHOU Honghua, CHEN Yaning, LI Weihong. Species diversity and dominance population distribution pattern in Oasis-Desert Ecotone[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(4):688-696.
[17] 江海华,彭欣,肖国强,等.温岭海岛潮间带大型底栖生物的群落结构[J].海洋学研究,2014,32(3):78-86.
JIANG Haihua, PENG Xin, XIAO Guoqiang, et al. Community structure of intertidal macrobenthos in islands of Wenling, Zhejiang, China[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2014, 32(3): 78-86.
[18] 金文育,彭欣,王宁,等.渔山列岛夏季潮间带大型底栖生物群落结构研究[J].海洋科学,2017,41(3):17-25.
JIN Wenyu, PENG Xin, WANG Ning, et al. Study on the macrobenthic community structure in the intertidal zone of the Yushan Islands in summer[J]. Marine Sciences, 2017, 41(3): 17-25.
[19] 仇建标,彭欣,谢起浪,等.洞头列岛潮间带大型底栖生物的时空分布及其多样性[J].水产学报,2012,36(4):608-614.
QIU Jianbiao, PENG Xin, XIE Qilang, et al. The spatial-temporal distribution and its biodiversity of intertidal macro benthos in Dongtou Archipelago[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2012, 36(4): 608-614.
[20] HUTCHINSON G E. A treatise on limnology[M]. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1957.
[21] 葛宝明,鲍毅新,郑祥.灵昆岛围垦滩涂潮沟大型底栖动物群落生态学研究[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):446-453.
GE Baoming, BAO Yixin, ZHENG Xiang. Macrobenthic community ecology of a tidal flat in different habitats and creeks dyked in different years[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(3): 446-453.
[22] 黄相相,任鹏,李海宏,等.茅埏岛红树林生境中大型底栖动物优势种的生态位[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,40(4):446-452.
HUANG Xiangxiang, REN Peng, LI Haihong, et al. Niche analysis of dominant species of macrobenthos in different mangrove habitats on Maoyan Island[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Normal University( Nature Science), 2017, 40(4): 446-452.
[23] 吴东丽,张金屯,王春乙,等.野生大豆群落主要种群生态位特征研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(2):166-173.
WU Dongli, ZHANG Jintun, WANG Chunyi, et al. Niche characteristic of dominant species in the national protected plant[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2009, 17(2): 166-173.
[24] WILLIAMSON M H. An elementary theory of interspecific competition[J]. Nature, 1957, 180(4583): 422-425.
[25] 施华宏.滨海采捕对岸带生物资源的影响及管理对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2001(2):32-34.
SHI Huahong. Effects of coastal harvesting on coastal biological resources and management countermeasures [J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2001(2): 32-34.
[26] 沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2007.
SHEN Guoying, SHI bingzhang. Marine ecology[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2007.
[27] BIRCHENOUGH S N R, FRID C L J. Macrobenthic succession following the cessation of sewage sludge disposal[J]. Journal of Sea Research, 2009, 62(4): 258-267.
[28] WANG Zhenyan, GAO Shu, HUANG Haijun. Spatial variations of tidal water level and their impact on the exposure patterns of tidal land on the central Jiangsu coast[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2010, 29(1): 79-87.
[29] 李振基,陈圣宾.群落生态学[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:129.
LI Zhenji, CHEN Shengbin. Community ecology[M]. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 2011: 129.
[30] BERLOW E L, NAVARRETE S A. Spatial and temporal variation in rocky intertidal community organization: Lessons from repeating field experiments[J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology, 1997, 214(1-2): 195-229.
[31] SCHNEIDER K R, THIEL L E V, HELMUTH B. Interactive effects of food availability and aerial body temperature on the survival of two intertidal Mytilus, species[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2010, 35(4): 161-166.
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017FY100701)
PDF(586 KB)
