西太平洋深海底栖多毛类动物地理分布特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深海多毛类环节动物的多样性与地理分布格局是深海生物多样性研究关注的焦点问题之一。基于海洋生物地理信息系统(Ocean Biogeographic Information System, OBIS)数据库中的公开数据分析了西太平洋深海底栖多毛类动物的多样性与地理分布格局。多毛类数据多分布于靠近临海国的海沟、海山等显著地貌区,共记录到51个科318个物种,其中,多鳞虫科是物种多样性最高的科,且具有最大的深度分布范围。深海底栖多毛类物种数量随着水深增加而下降,但在2 500~3 000 m水深处以及4 000~4 500 m水深处略增多。分析显示深海底栖多毛类的特有性水平较高,在热液口环境,形成了以热液口特有种为特征的底栖多毛类动物区系。西太平洋深海底栖多毛类动物分布可划分为4类生物地理区:日本海生物地理区域、以相模湾为代表的靠近大陆的生物地理区域、以深海热液口为典型特征的生物地理区域(冲绳海槽、马努斯盆地、斐济海盆区)以及以深海海沟、平原(日本海槽-千岛-堪察加海沟区、澳大利亚东侧区、新西兰区)为特征的生物地理区域。

关键词: 深海, 多毛类, 环节动物, 地理分布

Abstract:

The diversity and geographical distribution pattern of deep-sea polychaete animals have been a research focus of deep-sea biodiversity science. Data from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) were used to analyze the characters of deep-sea benthic polychaetes diversity and distribution in the western Pacific. The results show that the collection data mainly distributed in the distinctive geographic units (e.g. seamounts and trench) near coastal countries. A total of 318 species from 51 families were recorded in the study area. Polynoidae has the highest species diversity and the largest depth distribution. The number of species decreases with depth, but increases at 2 500-3 000 m and 4 000-4 500 m. The deep-sea polychaetes exhibit high levels of endemism. Many species are endemic to hydrothermal vents. For deep-sea benthic polychaetes in the western Pacific, four biogeographical areas are recognized: Sea of Japan, biogeographic area near the continent represented by Sagami Bay, region characterized by hydrothermal vents (Okinawa Trough, Manus Basin, Fiji Basin) and regions characterized by trenches or plains (Japan Trench, Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, eastern Australia and New Zealand area).

Key words: deep sea, polychaetes, Annelida, geographic distribution

中图分类号:

Q958.2

王跃云, 严润玄, 王春生. 西太平洋深海底栖多毛类动物地理分布特征[J]. 海洋学研究, 2023, 41(2): 104-113.

WANG Yueyun, YAN Runxuan, WANG Chunsheng. Geographical distribution pattern of deep-sea benthic polychaetes in the western Pacific[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(2): 104-113.

图/表 6

图1 深海底栖多毛类动物记录分布点(a)及不同水深段物种丰富度分布(b)

Fig.1 Distribution of deep-sea benthic polychaetes (a) and species richness in different depth segments (b)

图2 不同科中的物种丰富度

Fig.2 Species richness in each polychaete families

表1 西太平洋深海底栖多毛类记录数前10个科

Tab.1 The top 10 deep-sea benthic polychaete families with the most records in the western Pacific

序号	科名	记录数	分布水深/m
1	阿尔文虫科Alvinellidae	247	1 002~3 600
2	多鳞虫科Polynoidae	141	1 000~12 000
3	鳞沙蚕科Aphroditidae	99	1 000~4 800
4	米列虫科Melinnidae	96	1 005~2 821
5	叉螠科Bonelliidae	86	1 088~9 950
6	欧努菲虫科Onuphidae	83	1 000~4 744
7	双栉虫科Ampharetidae	81	1 028~5 613
8	竹节虫科Maldanidae	65	1 005~7 290
9	西伯加虫科Siboglinidae	55	1 053~9 600
10	仙虫科Amphinomidae	44	1 013~4 200

图3 基于Jaccard距离的Ward聚类

Fig.3 Cluster analysis result using Ward method based on Jaccard distance

图4 栅格物种集合分析图 (左侧柱状图:栅格的物种数;上方柱状图:交集数量,表示共有或特有的物种数量;点图矩阵:不同栅格的交集,矩阵左侧数字为栅格编号;单独实心黑点:每个栅格特有的物种数量;实心黑点与连线:不同栅格间的共有物种。)

Fig.4 Upset plot showing intersections of different grids (left bar chart: species richness in each grids; upper bar chart: intersection size showing number of shared or endemic species; points matrix: intersection of grids, the numbers on the left of the matrix represent the number of grid; black solid circle: number of species unique to each grid; solid circle and lines: shared species between different grids.)

图5 根据地理单元的PAE分析 Jkk—日本海槽-千岛-堪察加海沟区;SoJ—日本海区;Sb—相模湾区;Okinawa—冲绳海槽区;Mb—马努斯盆地区;NFb—斐济海盆区;NZ—新西兰区;EA—澳大利亚东侧区)

Fig.5 PAE result base on geographical feature units

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