为了解洞头列岛及邻近海域大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,于2015年4月在该海域布设35个站位进行大型底栖动物调查采样,并获取相关环境资料,分析了该海域大型底栖动物的群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。共鉴定出大型底栖动物122种,其中多毛类57种,甲壳动物34种,软体动物19种,棘皮动物5种,其它类动物7种。各调查站位大型底栖动物物种数目在1~22种之间,瓯江口附近站位物种数较少。大型底栖动物平均生物量为3.35 g/m2,平均栖息密度为321个/m2。多毛类具有种数上的优势,软体动物具有生物量和密度上的优势。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数的平均值分别为1.29、2.45和0.66。通过聚类分析和多维尺度排序分析将该海域大型底栖动物划分为3个群落:异蚓虫-薄云母蛤-绒毛细足蟹-不倒翁虫群落(群落Ⅰ),薄云母蛤-异蚓虫-双鳃内卷齿蚕-不倒翁虫群落(群落Ⅱ)和其他群落(群落Ⅲ)。典范对应分析表明,影响大型底栖动物群落的主要环境因子有底层海水的温度、盐度、活性磷酸盐、活性硅酸盐、溶解性无机氮、化学需氧量以及表层沉积物中的总有机碳等。ABC曲线分析结果表明,大型底栖动物群落受到了一定程度的扰动,但基本稳定。与历史资料相比,大型底栖动物的栖息密度和生物量均无明显变化,种类组成由以多毛类和软体动物为主转变为以多毛类和甲壳动物为主,且个体较大的棒锥螺大量死亡。
Abstract
Based on the macrozoobenthos and environmental materials from 35 stations in Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area investigated in April 2015, the characteristics of macrozoobenthic community structure and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. Results show that a total of 122 species are identified, including 57 species of Polytraeta, 34 species of Crustacea, 19 species of Mollusca, 5 species of Echinodermata and 7 others species. The number of species is about 1~22 at each station, with lower values of species number concentrated in Oujiang River Estuary. The average biomass of macrozoobenthos is 3.35 g/m2, and the average inhabited density is 321 ind/m2. Polytraeta has an advantage on the species compositions, while Mollusca has the more advantages on the biomass and abundance. The average of Shannon-Wiener index(H′) is 1.29, the average of Margalef's species richness index (d) is 2.45, and the average of Pielou's evenness index (J′) of species is 0.66. By species similarity cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling ordination analysis, three communities of macrozoobenthos can be divided in Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area, those are: Heteromastus filiforms-Yoldia similis-Raphidopus ciliatus-Sternaspis scutata (Community Ⅰ), Yoldia similis-Heteromastus filiforms-Aglaophamus dibranchis-Sternaspis scutata (Community Ⅱ), and others (Community Ⅲ ). Canonical correspondence analysis show that the sea water temperature, water salinity, activated phosphate, activated silicate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and the total organic carbon in surface sediment are the main environmental factors affecting the macrozoobenthic community. The ABC curves indicate that the macrozoobenthic communities in Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area have suffered contamination or have disturbed to a certain degree. Compared with historical data, the average biomass and abundance of macrozoobenthos have not obviously changed. The dominant organism of the species compositions are Polytraeta and Crustacea, instead of Polytraeta and Mollusca, and the number of Turritella bacillum in the area has obviously declined.
关键词
大型底栖动物 /
群落结构 /
生物多样性 /
环境因子 /
洞头列岛及邻近海域
Key words
macrozoobenthos /
community structure /
species diversity /
environmental factor /
Dongtou Islands and adjacent sea area
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] CAI Wen-qian, MENG Wei, LIU Lu-san, et al. Macrozoobenthos community structure of the Bohai Bay in spring time[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(5):1 458-1 466.
蔡文倩,孟伟,刘录三,等.春季渤海湾大型底栖动物群落结构特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(5):1 458-1 466.
[2] WU Bin, SONG Jing-ming, LI Xue-gang. Evaluation of potential relationships between benthic community structure and toxic metals in Laizhou Bay[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014(87):247-256.
[3] KALANTZI I, PAPAGEORGIOU N, SEVASTOU K. Metals in benthic macrofauna and biogeochemical factors affecting their trophic transfer to wild fish around fish farm cages[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014(470-471):742-753.
[4] QIN Yan-wen, ZHENG Bing-hui, LEI Kun, et al. Distribution and mass inventory of polycyclic aronmatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the south Bohai Sea, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011(62):371-376.
[5] MARIANO J A, PAULO DA C L, CLAUDIA B, et al. Macrobenthos and multi-molecular markers as indicators of environmental contamination in a South American port[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013(73):102-114.
[6] SHIN P K S, HUANG Z G, WU R S S. An updated baseline of subtropical macrobenthic communities in Hong Kong[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2004(49):128-135.
[7] WANG Tie-gan, HU Ren-yong, SUN Qing-hai, et al. Marine macroalgae of Dongtou Islands in Zhejiang Province[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press,2012.
王铁杆,胡仁勇,孙庆海,等.浙江洞头大型海藻[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[8] QIU Jian-biao, PENG Xin, XIE Qi-lang, et al. The spatial-temporal distribution and its biodiversity of intertidal macrobenthos in Dongtou Archipelago[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(4):608-614.
仇建标,彭欣,谢起浪,等.洞头列岛潮间带大型底栖生物的时空分布及其多样性[J].水产学报,2012,36(4):608-614.
[9] WANG Yi-nong, ZHANG Yong-pu, YU Hong, et al. Study on mollusca and ecological characteristic in the sea shore of Dongtou Island, Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Ningbo University:NSEE,1999,12(3):39-48.
王一农,张永普,於宏,等.浙江洞头列岛的软体动物及生态特点[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,1999,12(3):39-48.
[10] ZHANG Yong-pu, ZHENG Jie, WANG Yi-nong. Ecological characteristics of the intertidal mussels of the islands south of Zhejiang[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2000(3):24-28.
张永普,郑洁,王一农.浙南岛屿岩相潮间带贻贝类的生态特点[J].海洋湖沼通报,2000(3):24-28.
[11] LIU Rui-yu. Biological resources of coastal zone in China[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press,1996.
刘瑞玉.中国海岸带生物[M].北京:海洋出版社,1996.
[12] Research Group of Comprehensive Survey for Biological Resources in The Island Waters of Zhejiang. A report of comprehensive survey for biological resources in the island waters of Zhejiang[M]. Hangzhou: Second Institute of Oceanography,SOA,1993.
浙江海岛海域生物资源综合调查课题组.浙江省海岛海域生物资源综合调查报告[M].杭州:国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,1993.
[13] SHOU Lu, ZENG Jiang-ning, LIAO Yi-bo, et al. Seasonal distribution of macrozoobenthos and its relations to environmental factors in Oujiang River estuary sea area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(8):1 958-1 964.
寿鹿,曾江宁,廖一波,等.瓯江口海域大型底栖动物分布及其与环境的关系[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(8):1 958-1 964.
[14] SHOU Lu, ZENG Jiang-ning, XUE Bin, et al. Coastal environment and marine environmental capacity of Zhejiang Province[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press,2015.
寿鹿,曾江宁,薛斌,等.浙江沿岸生态环境及海湾环境容量[M].北京:海洋出版社,2015.
[15] GBT12763.6—2007 National oceanography census regulation methods: Marine biology survey[S].2007.
GBT12763.6—2007海洋调查规范:海洋生物调查[S].2007.
[16] GB 17378.4—2007 The specification for marine monitoring: Seawater analysis[S].2007.
GB 17378.4—2007 海洋监测规范: 海水分析[S].2007.
[17] SHEN Guo-ying, SHI Bing-zhang. Marine ecology[M]. Beijing: China Science Press,2002.
沈国英,施并章.海洋生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[18] ZHOU Hong, ZHANG Zhi-nan. Rationale of the multivariate statistical software PRIMER and its application in benthic community ecology[J]. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(1):58-64
周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(1):58-64.
[19] CLARKE K, WARWICK R. Change in marine communities : An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[R]. 2nd ed. Plymouth: PRIMER-E,2001.
[20] SUN Ya-wei, CAO Lian, QIN Yu-tao, et al. Analysis of macrobenthos community structure in the adjacent sea area of Changjiang River Eastuary[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,2007,26(2):66-70.
孙亚伟,曹恋,秦玉涛,等.长江口邻近海域大型底栖生物群落结构分析[J].海洋通报,2007,26(2):66-70.
[21] REN Xian-qiu. Fauna Sinica: Crustacea[M].Beijing: China Science Press,2006.
任先秋.中国动物志:甲壳动物亚门[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[22] WANG Guo-liang, WANG Yi-nong, YU Hong, et al. Research on the cause and prevention of sudden death of Bullacta exarata[J]. China Fisheries,2003(1):51-52.
王国良,王一农,於宏,等.养殖泥螺暴发性死亡的原因分析及防治[J].中国水产,2003(1):51-52.
[23] YAO Wei-min, ZHENG Ai-rong, QIU Jin-kun. Eutrophication in Dongtou Islands Zhejiang and the relationships between eutrophication and red tide[J]. Marine Environmental Science,2007,26(5):466-469.
姚炜民,郑爱榕,邱进坤.浙江洞头列岛海域水体富营养化及其与赤潮的关系[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(5):466-469.
[24] ZHANG Qing-shun, HOU Jian-jun, XIONG Bang-xi. Ecotoxicological effects of POPs and heavy metals on Gastropods[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2008,28(4):1-4.
张清顺,侯建军,熊邦喜.持久性有机污染物和重金属对腹足类的生态毒理效应[J].水利渔业,2008,28(4):1-4.
[25] MA Chang-an, XU Lin-lin, TIAN Wei, et al. The influence of a reclamation project on the macrobenthos of an east Nanhui Tidal Flat[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(4):1 007-1 015.
马长安,徐霖林,田伟,等.围垦对南汇东滩湿地大型底栖动物的影响[J].生态报,2012,32(4):1 007-1 015.
[26] LIAO Yu-lin, XIAO Ning. Species composition and faunal characteristics of echinoderms in China seas[J]. Biodiversity Science,2011,19(6):729-736.
廖玉麟,肖宁.中国海棘皮动物的种类组成及区系特点[J].生物多样性,2011,19(6):729-736.
[27] LIAO Yu-lin. Fauna Sinica: Echinodermata[M].Beijing: China Science Press,2004.
廖玉麟.中国动物志:棘皮动物门[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
基金
国家海洋公益性行业科研专项项目资助(201305009,201305043,201405007,201505004-3);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项项目资助(JG1311,JG1312)
PDF(1404 KB)
