为了解越冬期饥饿对大黄鱼消化系统的影响,采用解剖及组织学显微与亚显微技术观察研究了象山港网箱养殖的大黄鱼越冬前后消化道及肝脏的形态结构变化。大黄鱼越冬后肝脏重比越冬前显著下降(P<0.05),肝指数(HSI)比越冬前极显著降低(P<0.01)。显微观察显示,越冬后食道皱襞高度显著增高(P<0.05),黏膜下层厚度极显著减小(P<0.01)。胃黏膜下层厚度在越冬后极显著增加(P<0.01),肌层厚度在越冬后显著减小(P<0.05);胃腺细胞越冬后收缩,间隙变大。越冬前,前肠绒毛间隙小,越冬后,前肠绒毛间隙变大,上皮细胞层高度极显著降低(P<0.01),前肠杯状细胞长径在越冬后极显著变小(P<0.01);中肠的皱襞高度和管腔直径在越冬后显著减小(P<0.05),皱襞宽度在越冬后极显著减小(P<0.01),浆膜厚度在越冬后极显著增大(P<0.01);后肠杯状细胞长径和短径在越冬后极显著减小(P<0.01),浆膜厚度在越冬后显著增大(P<0.05)。越冬前,肝脏内肝小叶分界不明显,肝细胞内脂滴较多;越冬后,肝脏内肝小叶分界明显,肝细胞内脂滴减少。透射电镜观察显示,越冬前肝细胞内脂滴小而数量多,细胞核周围粗面内质网发达;而越冬后脂滴变大、数量明显减少,细胞核周围粗面内质网亦减少。研究表明,养殖大黄鱼幼鱼越冬后消化道及肝组织结构发生了一定变化,肝脏中脂质被消耗,肝细胞蛋白合成作用减弱。建议在越冬后加强对大黄鱼的投饲管理,促进消化道及肝脏结构和功能恢复正常。
Abstract
In order to know whether there are impacts of the digestive system during over-wintering stage in Larimichthys crocea, some anatomical, histological, microscopic and submicroscopic technologies were used to study the changes of morphological structure of digestive tract and liver for the cultured large yellow croaker in Xiangshan Bay. The results show that liver weight is significantly decreased (P<0.05) and liver index (HSI) is also extremely decreased (P<0.01) after over-wintering. By microscopic observation, the thickness of wall becomes higher (P<0.05) and submucosa becomes thinner extremely (P<0.01) in esophagus after over-wintering. The thickness of submucosa of stomach is increased extremely (P<0.01) and muscle is reduced significantly (P<0.05) after over-wintering. Furthermore, gastric gland cells is shrinked and the cells' gaps become bigger after over-wintering. Before over-wintering, the gaps of villus in foregut are short, but it become larger after over-wintering. The height of epithelial cell of foregut is reduced extremely (P<0.01) and the long diameters of goblet become smaller extremely (P<0.01) after over-wintering. The height of wall and the diameters of lumen in the midgut are reduced significantly (P<0.05) after over-wintering. The width of wall in the midgut is reduced extremely (P<0.01) but the thickness of serous is increased significantly (P<0.01) after over-wintering. The long and short diameters of goblet cells in the hindgut become extremely smaller (P<0.01). While the thickness of serous in the hindgut is increased significantly (P<0.05). Before over-wintering, the gaps of the liver lobule boundary are not obvious and there are lots of fat droplets in the liver cells. However, after over-wintering, the liver lobule boundary becomes obvious and the fat droplets are decreased. Transmission electron microscope show that the fat droplets are small but abundant in the liver cells and the rough endoplasmic reticulum are developed around the nuclear before over-wintering. While after over-wintering, the fat droplets become bigger and the number of droplets are reduced in the liver cells. Moreover, the rough endoplasmic reticulum is reduced too. This research shows that histological structures of digestive tract and liver of large yellow croaker juveniles have been changed after over-wintering. The lipid of liver has been consumed and the synthesis of protein of liver cells has been weakened. It is proposed that the staff should strengthen the management of feeding lager yellow croaker for restoring the structure and functions of digestive tract and liver.
关键词
大黄鱼 /
越冬 /
消化道 /
肝脏
Key words
Larimichthys crocea /
over-wintering /
digestive tract /
liver
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基金
宁波市科技计划重大项目资助(2015C110005);宁波市自然科学基金项目资助(2013A610165);浙江省科技计划项目资助(2012C12907-8)
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