互花米草Spartina alterniflora自1979年引入至今,已在我国海岸带大范围扩张并对盐沼湿地生态系统产生了很大影响。本研究以附着生物藤壶为例,研究了互花米草扩张对附着生物的影响。通过对5个断面共28个样方的米草植株、附着藤壶以及藤壶在互花米草上的最大附着高度调查,获得结果如下:藤壶在互花米草滩上的附着范围位于潮沟两侧,且呈宽度约为5 m的带状分布;潮沟规模越大,其向陆方向的延伸范围越宽;每个站位藤壶附着的相对最大高度都位于同一水平。附着藤壶均为白脊管藤壶Fistulobalanus albicostatus,平均干重237±69 g·m-2,大部分藤壶直径在2~10 mm之间。互花米草的平均干重为981±81 g·m-2,潮沟附近互花米草高壮但密度较小,远离潮沟互花米草矮小但密度较大。分析表明,互花米草为藤壶提供了附着基质,并影响藤壶在潮间带的平面分布格局(尽管藤壶的生态位保持不变)。影响白脊管藤壶分布特征的原因主要是海水浸没时间的差异;负地形的浸没时间更有利于藤壶的附着和生存;另外潮沟较高的潮水流速除了利于白脊管藤壶幼体的附着外,还可以通过水流的涨、落为其带来充足的食物。
Abstract
Since Spartina alterniflora was transplanted on the Jiangsu coast in 1979, its rapid expansion has a great impact on the native coastal ecosystem. In Rudong, Fistulobalanus albicostatus provides a typical example of the influence by the expansion of Spartina alterniflora. In the present study, 28 quadrates along 5 tidal creeks were sampled during October 2012, to collect the above-ground parts of Spartina alterniflora plants and the barnacles attached to the plants. The maximum elevation at which barnacles attach to the plants were measured. Analyses of the samples reveal that the barnacles are distributed within a narrow zone, on average 5 m wide on both sides of the tidal creek; their landward extension is determined by the size of the tidal creek, i.e. a larger creek is associated with a longer extension. The maximum elevation at which barnacles attach to the plants shows the same level at different sites. Fistulobalanus albicostatus is the only barnacle species in the study area; its average biomass is 273±69 g·m-2, and most barnacles have a diameter of 2~10 mm in the autumn. Biomass of Spartina alterniflora is 981±81 g·m-2. Plants near the tidal creeks are tall and lower popularity density, while plants far away from the tidal creeks are undersized but higher popularity density. Correlation analysis indicates that although Spartina alterniflora provides the barnacles with an attachment base, its influence on the biomass and spatial distribution pattern is weak. The dominant factor of barnacle attachment-distribution is seawater inundation. The importance of the inundation time implies that the negative topography in relation to tidal creeks is beneficial to the attachment and survival of the barnacles. Meanwhile, higher velocity in tidal creek is advantageous for barnacle attachment, and flooding and ebbing tides in the creek will bring abundant food for barnacles.
关键词
白脊管藤壶 /
互花米草盐沼 /
浸没时间阈值 /
潮水沟 /
潮滩地形 /
江苏海岸
Key words
Fistulobalanus albicostatus /
Spartina alterniflora marsh /
threshold of inundation time /
tidal creeks /
tidal flat morphology /
Jiangsu coast
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基金
江苏省自然科学基金重点研究专项项目资助(BK2011012)
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