两相淋滤实验在深海铁锰结核研究中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.02.007

海洋学研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 83-93.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.02.007

两相淋滤实验在深海铁锰结核研究中的应用

祝飞扬¹^,²(), 李怀明¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 姚鹏飞¹^,², 王潇¹^,², 朱继浩¹^,², 吕士辉⁴, 罗祎⁵, 周丽娜³, 刘禹维⁶, 唐煜童¹^,²

1.自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012
2.自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012
3.北京先驱高技术开发有限责任公司,北京 100081
4.中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院,北京 100083
5.中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会,北京 100012
6.长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙 410012

收稿日期:2022-01-30 修回日期:2022-04-27 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-07-27
通讯作者: *李怀明(1977—),男,正高级工程师,主要从事深海矿产资源勘探、评价及成矿作用研究, E-mail:huaiming_lee@163.com。
作者简介:祝飞扬(1997—),湖北省武汉市人,主要从事深海矿产资源成矿作用研究,E-mail:ZhuFeiy@outlook.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项课题(2022YFC2806602);中国大洋协会“十三五”资源环境项目(DY135-N2-1);国际海底矿区勘探与开发项目

Application of two-phase leaching method in the study of ferromanganese nodule mineralization

ZHU Feiyang¹^,²(), LI Huaiming¹^,²^,³^,^*(), YAO Pengfei¹^,², WANG Xiao¹^,², ZHU Jihao¹^,², LÜ Shihui⁴, LUO Yi⁵, ZHOU Li’na³, LIU Yuwei⁶, TANG Yutong¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
2. Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. Beijing Pioneer High-technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
4. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
5. China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association, Beijing 100012, China
6. Changsha Research Institute of Ming and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Changsha 410012, China

Received:2022-01-30 Revised:2022-04-27 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-07-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

两相淋滤实验能够分离深海铁锰结核的水生矿物相和残留矿物相组分,为研究深海铁锰结核成矿作用以及古海洋环境提供直接信息。为了探讨两相淋滤实验在不同成因类型铁锰结核成矿作用研究中与全岩样品分析结果的差异,本文选取了西太平洋海山区和东太平洋CC区6个站位的铁锰结核样品进行了全岩样品矿物学和元素地球化学分析,利用两相淋滤实验分别提取了铁锰结核样品的水生矿物相和残留矿物相组分,并进行了元素地球化学分析。结果表明,不同类型铁锰结核的两相淋滤实验中残留相质量占比为14.0%~17.6%,变化较小,残留矿物相组分中Nb、Rb、Ta、Ti、Zr等元素含量较高。水生矿物相组分中的Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、REY元素含量及其比值变化与全岩样品基本一致。水生矿物相与残留矿物相中Ti、Nb、Sr含量的比值与全岩样品的Mn/Fe值呈较好的负相关关系,可作为研究铁锰结核成矿环境的指标参数。

关键词: 两相淋滤实验, 铁锰结核, 西太平洋海山区

Abstract:

Two-phase leaching method can separate hydrogenetic and residual mineral phases of ferromanganese nodules, which will provide valuable information with the research of ferromanganese nodule mineralization and pale-environment. In order to study the applicability of the two-phase leaching method in the nodule mineralization research for different types of nodules compared to the bulk sample results, the ferromanganese nodules samples from six stations were selected, which were collected on the seamounts area of western Pacific Ocean and CC Zone of eastern Pacific Ocean, respectively. Geochemical and mineralogical compositions of the bulk samples were analyzed, and elements compositions of the hydrogenetic and residual mineral phases were analyzed, which were obtained using the two-phase leaching method. The results indicated that the mass ration variation of the residual mineral phases was not obvious with about 14.0%-17.6%, which had high contents of Nb, Rb, Ta, Ti, Zr. Contents and relevant rations of elements such as Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, REY in the hydrogenetic mineral phase showed similar features with those in the bulk samples. Proportion of elements contents like Ti, Nb, Sr between hydrogenetic and residual mineral phases showed well negative correlation with Mn/Fe values, which probably could be regarded as index for ferromanganese nodule mineralized environment research in the future.

Key words: two-phase leaching method, ferromanganese nodules, seamounts area of the western Pacific Ocean

中图分类号:

P744

祝飞扬, 李怀明, 姚鹏飞, 王潇, 朱继浩, 吕士辉, 罗祎, 周丽娜, 刘禹维, 唐煜童. 两相淋滤实验在深海铁锰结核研究中的应用[J]. 海洋学研究, 2023, 41(2): 83-93.

ZHU Feiyang, LI Huaiming, YAO Pengfei, WANG Xiao, ZHU Jihao, LÜ Shihui, LUO Yi, ZHOU Li’na, LIU Yuwei, TANG Yutong. Application of two-phase leaching method in the study of ferromanganese nodule mineralization[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(2): 83-93.

图/表 11

图1 研究区和样品站位位置示意图 (地形数据来自文献[17]。)

Fig.1 Location of the study area and sample stations (Topographic data is from reference[17].)

图2 铁锰结核样品照片

Fig.2 Photographs of the Fe-Mn nodule samples

表1 样品与站位信息

Tab.1 Information of the samples and stations

样品编号	采样区域	经度	纬度	水深/m	形态特征
WPS-1	西太平洋海山区	159.49°E	22.28°N	4 132	球状结核
WPS-2	西太平洋海山区	153.88°E	18.70°N	5 706	球状结核
CCWP-1	东太平洋CC区	155.37°W	9.72°N	5 313	连生体状结核
CCWC-2	东太平洋CC区	155.00°W	10.57°N	5 159	菜花状结核
CCEC-1	东太平洋CC区	141.99°W	11.42°N	5 114	菜花状结核
CCEC-2	东太平洋CC区	121.05°W	15.18°N	4 073	菜花状结核

图3 铁锰结核样品的X射线衍射图谱 Qz—石英;Ph—钙十字沸石;10?峰和5?峰—10?水羟锰矿;2.45?峰和1.42?峰—Fe-水羟锰矿

Fig.3 X-ray diffraction pattern of the Fe-Mn nodule samples

图4 水生矿物相和残留矿物相相关元素含量占比特征

Fig.4 Elements fraction distributions between the hydrogenetic and residual mineral phases

表2 全岩样品元素含量

Tab.2 Elements contents of the bulk samples

元素	WPS-1	WPS-2	CCWP-1	CCWC-2	CCEC-1	CCEC-2
SiO₂/%	15.79	16.53	15.66	13.86	14.13	14.68
TiO₂/%	2.25	2.46	1.38	0.67	0.59	0.49
Al₂O₃/%	3.96	5.65	5.43	5.26	5.15	4.70
Fe₂O₃/%	24.74	26.36	16.39	8.88	7.44	9.17
MnO/%	26.95	24.17	31.22	37.68	38.25	37.32
MgO/%	2.11	2.04	2.93	3.81	3.74	3.19
CaO/%	2.87	2.48	2.51	2.48	2.38	2.32
Na₂O/%	2.24	2.30	2.60	2.67	2.83	2.76
K₂O/%	0.87	0.93	1.09	1.05	1.05	1.13
P₂O₅/%	0.76	0.67	0.55	0.51	0.51	0.42
SO₃/%	0.32	0.29	0.21	0.15	0.14	0.20
烧失量/%	23.12	22.09	21.95	19.99	20.00	19.78
全岩分析元素总和/%	106	106	102	97	96	96
Co/10^-6	3 691	2 711	2 462	2 030	1 986	1 854
Ni/10^-6	3 620	2 020	8 248	12 246	13 948	12 364
Cu/10^-6	1 895	1 702	6 055	10 090	12 362	9 146
Zn/10^-6	579	429	796	1 483	1 277	1 611
Rb/10^-6	18.36	13.73	17.61	19.67	20.09	25.96
Sr/10^-6	1 124	966	811	587	562	677.53
Zr/10^-6	651	587	534	280	301	304
Nb/10^-6	9.84	8.65	30.81	16.11	27.06	19.64
Ta/10^-6	0.06	0.11	0.23	0.11	0.26	0.26
Ba/10^-6	1 415	1 304	1 275	1 441	2 109	3 382
Ce/10^-6	1 365	1 038	596	226	245	267
Nd/10^-6	232	161	188	111	117	126
Pb/10^-6	1 114	672	651	341	371	396
REY/10^-6	2 296	1 723	1 322	681	691	735

图5 全岩样品(a)与水生矿物相(b)的稀土元素配分模式

Fig.5 PAAS-normalized REY patterns for the bulk samples (a) and hydrogenetic mineral phases (b)

图6 基于全岩样品数据的铁锰结核成因三角判别图

Fig.6 Ternary discriminative diagram of the bulk samples data for the nodules

图7 基于δCe-Nd(a)和δCe-Y/Ho(b)的结核成因判别图 (蓝色投点为水生矿物相,橙色投点为全岩样品。)

Fig.7 The discriminative diagram with δCe-Nd and δCe-Y/Ho ratio (Blue spots represent the hydrogenetic mineral phases, orange spots represent the bulk samples.)

图8 铁锰结核Ce/La、δCe和Mn/Fe比值相关关系

Fig.8 Relevant diagram of the δCe and Ce/La with Mn/Fe in the nodules

图9 铁锰结核全岩样品Mn/Fe比值与水生矿物相和残留矿物相组分元素含量比值的相关关系

Fig.9 The relevant diagram of Mn/Fe of bulk samples and element contents proportions between hydrogenetic and residual mineral phases

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两相淋滤实验在深海铁锰结核研究中的应用

Application of two-phase leaching method in the study of ferromanganese nodule mineralization

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