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基于海气耦合模式的超强台风“山竹”数值模拟
Numerical investigation of the super typhoon Mangkhut based on the coupled air-sea model
基于中尺度大气模式WRF和区域海洋模式ROMS,构建WRF-ROMS海气双向耦合模式,针对2018年超强台风“山竹”进行模拟。利用观测数据对台风路径和强度进行验证,结果表明海气耦合模式对台风“山竹”的模拟相对单一模式有更高的精度,耦合模式得到的台风路径与最佳路径吻合良好,误差控制在60 km以内;获取的风速和海平面气压结果也较单一模式更为准确。基于海气耦合模拟结果,进一步分析台风作用下风场、气压场、海表流场和风暴增水的时空分布特征,结果表明:1)空间分布方面,台风进入南海后,七级风圈半径在台风沿路径右后方较大;气旋式流场与台风风场呈现出显著的埃克曼效应,流向与风向呈45°;风场、气压场、风生流场和增水分布均存在明显的不对称性,台风路径右侧的台风强度、流速和增水均大于左侧。2)时间分布方面,风场与气压场分布特征相似且与台风中心保持同步,流场和近岸风暴增水相对台风路径存在3 h左右的滞后。
Based on the mesoscale atmospheric model WRF and the regional ocean model ROMS, a two-way coupled WRF-ROMS air-sea model was constructed to simulate the super typhoon Mangkhut in 2018. The results showed that the simulation results of the coupled air-sea model were better than those of the only atmospheric or ocean model, and the error of the typhoon track obtained from the coupled model was within 60 km, which was in good agreement with the best track. Compared with the observation results, the simulation results of wind speed and sea level pressure in the coupled model were better than others model. Based on the simulation results of the coupled air-sea model, the spatial and temporal distribution of the wind field, pressure field, sea surface flow field, and storm surge under the super typhoon Mangkhut were further analyzed. The results showed that: (1) In terms of spatial distribution, after the typhoon entered the South China Sea, the radius of the seven-level wind circle was larger behind the right side of the typhoon; the cyclonic flow field showed a significant Ekman effect with the typhoon wind field, and the flow direction was 45° from the wind direction. The wind field, pressure field, wind-generated flow field and water gain distribution all had obvious asymmetry, and the typhoon intensity, flow velocity and water gain were greater on the right side of the typhoon path than on the left side. (2) In terms of time distribution, the distribution of the wind field and the pressure field were similar and synchronized with the typhoon center, while the wind-driven flow field and storm surge were three hours behind the typhoon track.
海气耦合模式 / 风暴潮 / 数值模拟 / 南海 / 台风“山竹”
coupled air-sea model / storm surge / numerical simulation / the South China Sea / super typhoon Mangkhut
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