海表温度对南沙海域鸢乌贼资源变动的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.010

海洋学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 106-116.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.010

海表温度对南沙海域鸢乌贼资源变动的影响

吴文秀¹(), 许馨文¹, 程树兴¹, 招春旭²^,^*(), 郭有俊², 沈春燕¹^,³, 颜云榕¹^,²^,³

1.广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江 524088
2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江) 红树林保护研究中心,广东湛江 524013
3.广东省南海深远海渔业管理与捕捞工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524088

收稿日期:2023-07-18 修回日期:2023-11-14 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-05-11
通讯作者: * 招春旭(1991—),男,博士,主要从事渔业资源研究,E-mail: ct9zcx@163.com。
作者简介:吴文秀(2001—),女,福建省将乐县人,主要从事渔业资源研究,E-mail:wuwenxiu72@163.com。
基金资助:
2021年广东省大学生创新创业项目(S202110566007);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江)资助项目(ZJW-2019-08);广东省南海深远海渔业管理与捕捞工程技术研究中心配套经费资助项目

The influence mechanism of sea surface temperature on the resource change of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in Nansha sea area, South China Sea

WU Wenxiu¹(), XU Xinwen¹, CHENG Shuxing¹, ZHAO Chunxu²^,^*(), GUO Youjun², SHEN Chunyan¹^,³, YAN Yunrong¹^,²^,³

1. College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
2. Mangrove Conservation and Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524013, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Far Sea Fisheries Management and Fishing of South China Sea, Zhanjiang 524088, China

Received:2023-07-18 Revised:2023-11-14 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据南沙海域2018—2019年鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)灯光罩网渔获数据和海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)遥感数据,研究SST对鸢乌贼资源变动的影响。经验正交函数分析(empirical orthogonal function, EOF)显示南沙海域SST季节变化明显,月均值在年内呈双峰型变化,峰值出现在5—6月和10月。2019年南沙海域发生厄尔尼诺,SST高温频率升高,年均值较2018年升高0.3℃。2018年鸢乌贼的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)为春季(3—5月)高,夏季(6—7月)低,2019年CPUE为冬季(2月)高,夏季(6月)低。广义相加模型(generalized additive model,GAM)显示,月份、SST、纬度和经度4个因子对CPUE的总偏差解释度为55.0%,其中月份与SST的偏差解释度大于其他因子。鸢乌贼群体的适宜温度为27.5~29.5℃,SST超过29.5℃会导致CPUE降低。鸢乌贼渔场集中分布于10°N—12°N、113°E—116°E,各月渔场重心随温度发生变化,低温时东移,高温时西移。

关键词: 鸢乌贼, 海表温度, 经验正交函数, 广义相加模型

Abstract:

The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on the resource change of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in Nansha Sea area was studied based on the catch data and remote sensing data of SST in 2018 and 2019. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) results showed that the seasonal variation of the SST was obvious and the monthly variability showed a bimodal pattern. Peaks mainly appeared in May-June and October. In 2019, El Niño occurred in the Nansha Sea area, and the high temperature frequency of SST increased, and the annual average temperature value increased by 0.3 ℃ compared with 2018. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) of S. oualaniensis was higher in spring (from March to May)but lower in summer (from June to July) in 2018, while it was higher in winter (February) and lower in summer (June) in 2019.The optimal generalized additive model (GAM) consisted of four factors: month, SST, latitude and longitude, and the total deviation of CPUE was interpreted as 55.0%, in which the deviation of month and SST was explained more than other factors. 27.5 ℃-29.5 ℃ was suitable for the distribution of S. oualaniensis and the CPUE would be reduced by higher temperatures. The fishing ground of S. oualaniensis was distributed in 10°N-12°N, 113°E-116°E, and the center of the fishing ground changed with temperature in each month, shifting eastward when warming up, and westward when cooling down.

Key words: Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, sea surface temperature, EOF, GAM

中图分类号:

S931.41

吴文秀, 许馨文, 程树兴, 招春旭, 郭有俊, 沈春燕, 颜云榕. 海表温度对南沙海域鸢乌贼资源变动的影响[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(1): 106-116.

WU Wenxiu, XU Xinwen, CHENG Shuxing, ZHAO Chunxu, GUO Youjun, SHEN Chunyan, YAN Yunrong. The influence mechanism of sea surface temperature on the resource change of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in Nansha sea area, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(1): 106-116.

图/表 10

图1 采样站位

Fig.1 Diagram of sampling site

图2 南沙海域SST的EOF第一模态

Fig.2 The first EOF mode of SST in Nansha Sea area

图3 南沙海域SST月平均变化

Fig.3 Monthly average variation of SST in Nansha sea area

图4 南沙海域SST的频率分布图

Fig.4 The frequency distribution of SST in Nansha sea area

图5 南沙海域鸢乌贼CPUE月变化

Fig.5 Monthly variation of CPUE of S. oualaniensis in Nansha sea area

图6 南沙海域鸢乌贼渔场重心分布的月变化

Fig.6 Monthly variation of fishing ground center of S. oualaniensis in Nansha sea area

表1 GAM模型的统计参数

Tab.1 Statistical parameters of different GAM models

模型	AIC	偏差解释度/%	决定系数R²
模型1	650.714	37.6	0.35
模型2	611.052	51.6	0.48
模型3	608.688	53.9	0.49
模型4	608.285	55.0	0.50

图7 环境变量对南沙海域鸢乌贼CPUE的影响 (阴影部分表示置信区间,实线表示解释变量对鸢乌贼CPUE的平滑拟合。)

Fig.7 Effects of environmental variables on the CPUE of S.oualaniensis in Nansha sea area (The shadow part represents confidence interval, and the solid line represents the smooth fit of the explanatory variables to the CPUE of S. oualaniensis.)

图8 2018年南沙海域鸢乌贼CPUE与SST分布

Fig.8 Distribution of CPUE and SST of S. oualaniensis in Nansha sea area in 2018

图9 2019年南沙海域鸢乌贼CPUE与SST 分布

Fig.9 Distribution of CPUE and SST of S. oualaniensis in Nansha sea area in 2019

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海表温度对南沙海域鸢乌贼资源变动的影响

The influence mechanism of sea surface temperature on the resource change of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in Nansha sea area, South China Sea

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