太平洋深海富稀土沉积物的分类及成因

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.003

海洋学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 23-35.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.003

太平洋深海富稀土沉积物的分类及成因

王添翼¹^,²(), 董彦辉², 初凤友²^,^*(), 石学法³, 李小虎², 苏蓉⁴, 章伟艳²

1.北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871
2.自然资源部第二海洋研究所海底科学重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012
3.自然资源部第一海洋研究所海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室,山东青岛 266100
4.吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林长春 130000

收稿日期:2023-03-24 修回日期:2023-05-16 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-05-11
通讯作者: * 初凤友(1964—),男,研究员,主要从事海底资源与成矿系统研究,E-mail:chu@sio.org.cn。
作者简介:王添翼(1998—),男,吉林省双辽市人,主要从事深海富稀土沉积物研究,E-mail:tianyiwang0331@163.com。
基金资助:
浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGF22D06004);国家自然科学基金项目(U2244222);国际海底区域资源环境评价项目(DY135-N1-1-01);国际海底区域资源环境评价项目(DY135-G2-1-03)

Classification and genesis of deep-sea REY-rich sediments in the Pacific Ocean

WANG Tianyi¹^,²(), DONG Yanhui², CHU Fengyou²^,^*(), SHI Xuefa³, LI Xiaohu², SU Rong⁴, ZHANG Weiyan²

1. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2. Second Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. First Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, MNR, Qingdao 266100, China
4. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China

Received:2023-03-24 Revised:2023-05-16 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深海富稀土沉积物广泛分布在西太平洋、东太平洋、东南太平洋、印度洋等地区。本研究对东太平洋克拉里昂-克里珀顿断裂带(Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone,简称CC区)的两个站位富稀土沉积物的矿物学与地球化学特征进行了分析,并收集了太平洋92个站位深海富稀土沉积物元素地球化学数据,依据地球化学特征,结合矿物组成,将太平洋深海富稀土沉积物分为富Al型、富Fe型、富Ba型等三个类型。富Al型富稀土沉积物广泛布在西太平洋地区,沉积物类型以沸石黏土为主,全岩Al₂O₃平均含量可达14.9%。富Fe型富稀土沉积物位于东太平洋海隆附近的东南太平洋和东北太平洋区域,沉积物中TFe₂O₃平均含量高达18.8%,部分样品呈现明显的Eu正异常,热液活动可能为稀土元素的富集提供了丰富的稀土元素及载体矿物。富Ba型富稀土沉积物主要分布于东太平洋CC区,沉积物类型主要是(含)硅质黏土,Ba平均含量可达8 092×10^-6。高Ba含量指示了沉积物形成时期所在海域可能具有很高的初级生产力,这种环境条件形成了大量的生物磷灰石沉积,并与CC区渐新世以来强劲的底流耦合,进而增强了磷灰石的积累,促进了稀土的富集。

关键词: 太平洋, 富稀土沉积物, CC区

Abstract:

Deep-sea REY-rich sediments that are rich in lanthanides and yttrium (REY) extensively distributed in regions such as the Western Pacific, Eastern Pacific, Southeastern Pacific, and the Indian Ocean. This study analyzed the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of deep-sea REY-rich sediments from two sites in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) of the Eastern Pacific. Additionally, geochemical data on elements from 92 deep-sea REY-rich sediment sites across the Pacific were collected. Based on geochemical characteristics in conjunction with mineral composition, the Pacific deep-sea REY-rich sediments are categorized into three types: Al-rich, Fe-rich, and Ba-rich. The Al-rich type, prevalent in the Western Pacific region, primarily consists of zeolite clay, with an average whole-rock Al₂O₃ content reaching up to 14.9%. The Fe-rich type, found near the Eastern Pacific Rise in the Southeastern and Northeastern Pacific, exhibits a high average TFe₂O₃ content of 18.8%. Some samples within this type show a significant positive Eu anomaly, indicating that hydrothermal activity may contribute to the enrichment of REY and associated carrier minerals. The Ba-rich type, mainly located in the CCFZ of the Eastern Pacific, consists predominantly of (siliceous) clay, with an average Ba content of approximately 8 092×10^-6. The elevated Ba levels suggest that the area of sediment formation may have experienced high primary productivity. This environmental condition likely resulted in extensive biogenic apatite deposition, which coupled with strong bottom currents in the CCFZ since the Oligocene, enhanced the accumulation of apatite, thereby promoting the enrichment of rare earth elements.

Key words: Pacific Ocean, REY-rich sediments, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone

中图分类号:

P736.4

王添翼, 董彦辉, 初凤友, 石学法, 李小虎, 苏蓉, 章伟艳. 太平洋深海富稀土沉积物的分类及成因[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(1): 23-35.

WANG Tianyi, DONG Yanhui, CHU Fengyou, SHI Xuefa, LI Xiaohu, SU Rong, ZHANG Weiyan. Classification and genesis of deep-sea REY-rich sediments in the Pacific Ocean[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(1): 23-35.

图/表 10

图1 太平洋沉积物柱状样品位置图

Fig.1 Map of Locations for sediment samples from the Pacific Ocean

表1 富稀土沉积物样品基本背景信息

Tab.1 Basic background information of REY-rich sediment samples

区域名称	区域范围	水深/m	重力柱状样品数/根	地球化学数据数量/组	富稀土层位
区域名称	区域范围	水深/m	重力柱状样品数/根	地球化学数据数量/组	∑REY含量范围/ (×10^-6)	∑REY平均含量/ (×10^-6)	平均埋藏深度/m
西太平洋^{[3,6?-8,10,13,24]}	120°E—160°W 0°—35°N	>4 000	67	2 173	700~7 974	1 447	7.0
东太平洋^[3,17,23]	120°W—160°W 20°N—20°S	>4 500	22	756	700~2 114	1 049	5.8
近东太平洋海隆^[3,20,22]	区域1: 130°W—160°W 15°N—45°N 区域2: 90°W—150°W 5°S—25°S	>4 000	13	401	700~2 228	1 224	4.7

图2 东太平洋CC区GC1901站富稀土沉积物全岩XRD分析(a)及重矿物扫描电镜观察(b)结果

Fig.2 XRD analysis of bulk samples (a) and mineral scanning electron microscope observations (b) of REY-rich sediments (site GC1901) from CCFZ of the Eastern Pacific

图3 不同地区沉积物主、微量元素与稀土元素含量比值关系图

Fig.3 Ratio relationship among major, trace elements and ∑REY in sediments from different area

图4 不同地区富稀土沉积物P2O5含量与TFe2O3含量比值关系图

Fig.4 Ratio relationship between P2O5 and TFe2O3 of REY-rich sediments from different area

图5 不同地区典型沉积物柱状样品的主、微量元素含量随深度的变化

Fig.5 Content variation of major and trace elements with depth in typical sediment samples from different area

图6 不同地区富稀土沉积物稀土元素经PAAS标准化后配分模式图 (PAAS值引自文献[32]。)

Fig. 6 PAAS-normalized REY patterns of REY-rich sediments from different area (PAAS values are from reference [32]. )

图7 不同地区富稀土沉积物Eu*、Ce*与∑REY的关系及(La/Sm)N-(La/Yb)N比值关系图

Fig.7 The ratio relationship among Eu*, Ce*, and ∑REY,as well as (La/Sm)N-(La/Yb)N of REY-rich sediments in different area

表2 太平洋各区域富稀土沉积物年代对比

Tab.2 Age comparisons of REY-rich sediments across various area of the Pacific Ocean

区域	站位	形成年代
西太平洋	DSDP Site 313	中中新世
	ODP Site 869	早中新世
	DSDP Site 170	晚渐新世
	DSDP Site 311	早渐新世
	DSDP Site 168	晚始新世
	DSDP Site 68	晚始新世
东太平洋	DSDP Site 74	早中新世
	DSDP Site 163	晚渐新世
	ODP Site 1220	中渐新世-早中新世
	ODP Site 1222	晚始新世-早中新世
近东太平洋海隆	DSDP Site 37	更新世
	DSDP Site 597	更新世
	DSDP Site 319	上新世-全新世
	ODP Site 1215	始新世-全新世

图8 近东太平洋海隆富稀土沉积物站位古地理恢复图 (图件改绘自文献[30]。)

Fig.8 Paleogeographic reconstruction map of REY-rich sediment sites near the Eastern Pacific Rise (Figure is modified from reference [30]. )

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太平洋深海富稀土沉积物的分类及成因

Classification and genesis of deep-sea REY-rich sediments in the Pacific Ocean

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