辽河口悬浮泥沙时空变化特征及其动力因素分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2019—2020年HY-1C CZI的L2B级泥沙数据和同期气象、水文数据,应用空间分析和统计方法开展辽河口海域悬浮泥沙质量浓度的时空变化特征及其动力因素分析研究。结果表明:潮汐是该海域悬浮泥沙日变化的主导因素,落潮期平均悬浮泥沙质量浓度高于涨潮期;径流对辽河口海域悬浮泥沙质量浓度影响的范围主要在近岸区域,一般不超过5 m等深线;当落潮流流向与风向相反时,浑浊带常横向扩展,而当落潮流流向与风向相同时,浑浊带则收缩在辽河口顶部;风速与悬浮泥沙质量浓度存在显著相关性,离岸越近,风对悬浮泥沙的作用越强烈,这可能与风、浪的协同作用有关;受潮流、径流和风浪的影响,8 m等深线内侧通常发育为最大浑浊带。

关键词: HY-1C CZI, 辽河口, 悬浮泥沙, 时空变化, 动力因素

Abstract:

Based on the L2B sediment data of HY-1C CZI from 2019 to 2020 and the meteorological and hydrological data of the same period, spatial analysis and statistical methods were applied to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and dynamic factors of suspended sediment mass concentration in the sea area of Liaohe Estuary. The results show that tide is the dominant factor in the diurnal variation of suspended sediment, and the average suspended sediment mass concentration at ebb period is higher than that at flood period. The influence of runoff on suspended sediment mass concentration in the Liaohe Estuary is mainly in the shore area, and generally does not exceed 5 m isobath. When the flow direction of ebb current is opposite to the wind direction, the turbidity zone expands horizontally in the estuary, while when the flow direction of ebb current is the same as the wind direction, the turbidity zone contracts at the top of the estuary. There is a significant correlation between wind speed and suspended sediment mass concentration, and the closer to the offshore, the stronger the effect of wind on suspended sediment. Under the influence of tidal currents, runoff and wind waves, the inner part of the 8 m contour usually develops into the maximum turbidity zone.

Key words: HY-1C CZI, Liaohe Estuary, suspended sediment, spatio-temporal variations, dynamical factors

中图分类号:

P737.1

赵学凯, 郭凯元, 周运浩, 贾莉园, 杨智博, 张勤旭, 张明亮. 辽河口悬浮泥沙时空变化特征及其动力因素分析[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(1): 36-46.

ZHAO Xuekai, GUO Kaiyuan, ZHOU Yunhao, JIA Liyuan, YANG Zhibo, ZHANG Qinxu, ZHANG Mingliang. Spatio-temporal variation of suspended sediment and its dynamic factors in Liaohe Estuary[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(1): 36-46.

图/表 13

图1 研究区地理位置

Fig.1 Geographical location of the study area

图2 实测悬浮泥沙质量浓度和HY-1C CZI泥沙产品数据对比

Fig.2 Comparison of measured suspended sediment mass concentration and HY-1C CZI sediment data

表1 影像成像时刻的潮情和风况

Tab.1 Tide and wind conditions at the imaging time

成像时间	潮型	潮时	潮高/cm	风速/(m·s^-1)	风向
2019-03-22	大潮	落潮起6.37 h	66	5.09	SW
2019-03-31	小潮	涨潮起3.78 h	207	5.96	NW
2019-04-06	大潮	落潮起5.00 h	86	3.43	ENE
2019-04-12	小潮	落潮起2.00 h	225	5.99	SW
2019-04-15	小潮	涨潮起3.38 h	198	7.36	SW
2019-04-21	大潮	落潮起5.30 h	77	3.19	NE
2019-06-23	中潮	落潮起1.83 h	258	3.98	NE
2019-08-16	大潮	落潮起5.00 h	90	2.50	WNW
2019-08-31	大潮	落潮起5.52 h	65	3.47	SSW
2019-10-12	中潮	落潮起6.83 h	47	5.38	NNE
2020-07-11	中潮	落潮起2.00 h	258	2.25	SW
2020-10-15	中潮	涨潮起0.70 h	57	4.74	SW
2020-10-24	小潮	涨潮起6.67 h	371	3.39	S
2020-10-27	小潮	涨潮起2.23 h	185	1.82	ESE
2020-10-30	中潮	落潮起6.58 h	47	3.17	S

图3 2020年10月15日—30日SSC分布图

Fig.3 Distribution map of SSC from October 15 to 30, 2020

图4 辽河口L1断面不同涨、落潮时刻SSC的对比

Fig.4 Comparison of SSC at different flood and ebb times at L1 section of Liaohe Estuary

图5 L1断面大、小潮和涨、落潮平均SSC对比

Fig.5 Comparison of average SSC between spring and neap tides, flood and ebb tides at L1 section

图6 不同时期研究区域SSC对比

Fig.6 Comparison of SSC in the study area in different periods

图7 不同径流条件下的SSC对比图

Fig.7 Comparison of SSC under different runoff conditions

图8 辽河口SSC月变化 (竖线表示L1剖面。)

Fig.8 Variations of SSC in the Liaohe Estuary from March to November (The vertical line represents the L1 profile.)

图9 L1剖面风速和SSC的月平均值

Fig.9 Monthly mean value of wind speed and SSC at L1 section

图10 L1断面风速与SSC的相关关系

Fig.10 Correlation between wind speed and SSC at L1 section

图11 S1站点风速与SSC时间变化图

Fig.11 Time variation of wind speed and SSC at S1 station

图12 不同时期研究区域浑浊带与动力场的对比

Fig.12 Comparison of turbidity zone and dynamic field in different periods

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