内孤立波一维理论模型已广泛应用在内孤立波的预警预报中,但一方面由于理论模型在计算波函数时高度依赖温、盐数据,需要搭载全水深温、盐观测仪器,经济成本较高;另一方面,理论模型对复杂流场环境的预警预报误差较大,如计算的内孤立波的非线性相速度以及波函数的准确度偏低。本文提出一种速度-高斯函数模型,它根据南海某单个潜标的上层海水实测流速反向推演得到内孤立波的振幅和波函数,再进一步结合一维理论模型计算波致流和非线性相速度等关键参数。对比实测数据与速度-高斯函数模型结果,发现该模型可仅通过海洋上层150 m实测流速实现对全水深波致流的模拟,并且模拟的非线性相速度与实测值相比,误差控制在10%以内。应用速度-高斯函数模型可在复杂的南海实现对内孤立波的准确预警预报,同时无需潜标搭载温、盐观测仪器,大大降低了内孤立波观测成本。

The one-dimensional theoretical model of internal solitary waves has been widely used in their prediction. However, on one hand, these theoretical models usually rely heavily on temperature and salinity data when calculating wave functions, which requires the use of moorings equipped with temperature and salinity observation instruments, resulting in high observation costs. On the other hand, they tend to have large prediction errors in complex current environments, such as lower accuracy in calculating the nonlinear phase speed and wave function of internal solitary waves. In this study, a Velocity-Gaussian Function Model was proposed, which reversed the amplitude and wave function of internal solitary waves based on the measured current velocity of the upper layer of the South China Sea from a single mooring. Furthermore, key parameters such as wave-induced current and nonlinear phase speed of internal solitary waves were calculated using a one-dimensional theoretical model. By comparing the measured data from the moorings with the results calculated by the Velocity-Gaussian Function Model, it was found that the model can simulate the wave-induced current throughout the entire water depth by inputting only the measured current velocity from the upper 150 meters of the ocean. Additionally, the error in the nonlinear phase speed can be controlled within 10% compared to the measured value. The application of the Velocity-Gaussian Function Model enables accurate prediction of internal solitary waves in the complex South China Sea, without the need for moorings equipped with temperature and salinity observation instruments, thus significantly reducing the cost of internal solitary wave observation.