春季杭州湾及其邻近海域溶解氧化亚氮的分布、通量和影响因素

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.006

海洋学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 58-69.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.006

春季杭州湾及其邻近海域溶解氧化亚氮的分布、通量和影响因素

邢明尧¹^,²^,³(), 林华²^,³^,^*(), 杨志²^,³, 王斌²^,³, 李杨杰²^,³, 张乾江³, 陈倩娜²^,³, 郑豪¹, 陈建芳²^,³

1.浙江大学海洋学院,浙江舟山 316021
2.自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012
3.自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012

收稿日期:2023-12-19 修回日期:2024-02-12 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2025-02-08
通讯作者: 林华
作者简介:*林华(1983—),男,助理研究员,主要从事海洋生物地球化学研究,E-mail:linhua@sio.org.cn。
邢明尧(1999—),女,山东省威海市人,主要从事海洋温室气体的生物地球化学研究,E-mail:22134098@zju.edu.cn。
基金资助:
浙江省“尖兵”研发攻关计划(2023C03013);浙江省“尖兵”研发攻关计划(2022C03044);国家自然科学基金(41706086);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3101702);自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室开放研究基金(MED202202);浙江省自然科学基金(LY20D060007);浙江省自然科学基金(LZ22D060002)

Distribution, flux and influencing factors of dissolved nitrous oxide in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in spring

XING Mingyao¹^,²^,³(), LIN Hua²^,³^,^*(), YANG Zhi²^,³, WANG Bin²^,³, LI Yangjie²^,³, ZHANG Qianjiang³, CHEN Qianna²^,³, ZHENG Hao¹, CHEN Jianfang²^,³

1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China

Received:2023-12-19 Revised:2024-02-12 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2025-02-08
Contact: LIN Hua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究基于2022年3月在杭州湾海域的航次调查,阐述了春季杭州湾及其邻近海域溶解氧化亚氮(N₂O)的空间分布特征与海-气交换通量,并分析其影响因素。结果表明,春季杭州湾及其邻近海域表层水体溶解N₂O的浓度与饱和度范围分别为12.5~21.3 nmol·L^-1和115%~183%,其中,上、中、下游N₂O浓度平均值分别为17.2±2.9、14.1±0.8和13.2±0.7 nmol·L^-1,饱和度平均值分别为151%±17%、125%±6%和123%±6%,所有站位的溶解N₂O均处于过饱和状态。表层水体N₂O浓度和饱和度的分布显示出明显的空间差异性,高值集中在上游,且自西向东逐渐递减,中、下游呈现自北向南逐渐递减的趋势。温度、河口混合、河流输入和生物过程对春季杭州湾及其邻近海域溶解N₂O的分布具有重要影响。N₂O海-气交换通量范围为11.4~71.2 μmol·m^-2·d^-1,平均值为29.5±16.0 μmol·m^-2·d^-1。与国内其他河口、海湾相比,杭州湾的N₂O海-气交换通量相对较高,N₂O释放潜力大。根据海域面积,本研究初步估算春季杭州湾及其邻近海域N₂O的释放量为3.5×10⁵ mol·d^-1,表明其在大气N₂O排放中扮演着重要的角色。

关键词: 杭州湾, 钱塘江, N₂O, 分布特征, 硝化作用, 反硝化作用, 海-气交换通量, 源汇结构

Abstract:

Based on a survey in Hangzhou Bay in March 2022, the distribution and sea-air exchange flux of N₂O in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in spring were investigated, and the influencing factors were analyzed. The dissolved N₂O concentration and saturation of surface water were 12.5-21.3 nmol·L^-1 and 115%-183%, respectively. The average N₂O concentration in the upper, middle and lower waters were 17.2±2.9, 14.1±0.8 and 13.2±0.7 nmol·L^-1, respectively, and the average saturation were 151%±17%, 125%±6% and 123%±6%, respectively. Dissolved N₂O in all sampling sites were in a supersaturated state. The spatial distribution of N₂O concentration and saturation in the surface water exhibited significant variations, with high values concentrated in the upstream area and gradually decreasing from west to east, while these showed a decreasing trend from north to south in middle and lower areas. The distribution of N₂O in the Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters was influenced by multiple factors such as temperature, estuarine mixing, river input and in situ bioproduction. The sea-air N₂O exchange flux ranged from 11.4 to 71.2 μmol·m^-2·d^-1, with an average of 29.5±16.0 μmol·m^-2·d^-1. Comparing with other domestic estuaries and bays, this is relatively high in Hangzhou Bay, indicating a significant potential for N₂O release. Combining the sea-air exchange flux and sea area, this study preliminarily estimated that the N₂O emission in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in spring was 3.5×10⁵ mol·d^-1, indicating its important role in atmospheric N₂O emissions.

Key words: Hangzhou Bay, Qiantang River, nitrous oxide, distribution feature, nitration, denitrification, sea-air exchange flux, source and sink pattern

中图分类号:

P734

邢明尧, 林华, 杨志, 王斌, 李杨杰, 张乾江, 陈倩娜, 郑豪, 陈建芳. 春季杭州湾及其邻近海域溶解氧化亚氮的分布、通量和影响因素[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(4): 58-69.

XING Mingyao, LIN Hua, YANG Zhi, WANG Bin, LI Yangjie, ZHANG Qianjiang, CHEN Qianna, ZHENG Hao, CHEN Jianfang. Distribution, flux and influencing factors of dissolved nitrous oxide in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in spring[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(4): 58-69.

图/表 8

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项目	温度/℃	盐度	c(NO₃^-)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(NH₄⁺)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(NO₂^-)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(DIN)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(DO)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(N₂O) / (nmol·L^-1)	R(N₂O)/%
上游表层	13.6±1.6	4.6±3.4	146.5±13.8	4.1±3.5	2.6±1.3	153.2±14.6		17.2±2.9	151±17
中游表层	12.0±0.4	16.7±3.2	83.6±19.0	0.8±0.3	0.3±0.3	84.8±19.0	305±8	14.1±0.8	125±6
中游底层	11.5±0.3	17.1±3.3	81.4±18.1	1.1±0.4	0.3±0.2	82.8±18.2	307±7	14.2±0.6	125±5
下游表层	12.1±0.7	22.2±5.2	50.9±17.5	1.2±1.0	0.4±0.4	52.5±18.7	295±14	13.2±0.7	123±6
下游底层	12.1±0.6	30.5±2.1	25.7±13.4	0.6±0.3	0.3±0.1	26.6±13.1	283±8	12.4±0.6	120±7

项目	温度/℃	盐度	c(NO₃^-)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(NH₄⁺)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(NO₂^-)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(DIN)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(DO)/ (μmol·L^-1)	c(N₂O) / (nmol·L^-1)	R(N₂O)/%
上游表层	13.6±1.6	4.6±3.4	146.5±13.8	4.1±3.5	2.6±1.3	153.2±14.6		17.2±2.9	151±17
中游表层	12.0±0.4	16.7±3.2	83.6±19.0	0.8±0.3	0.3±0.3	84.8±19.0	305±8	14.1±0.8	125±6
中游底层	11.5±0.3	17.1±3.3	81.4±18.1	1.1±0.4	0.3±0.2	82.8±18.2	307±7	14.2±0.6	125±5
下游表层	12.1±0.7	22.2±5.2	50.9±17.5	1.2±1.0	0.4±0.4	52.5±18.7	295±14	13.2±0.7	123±6
下游底层	12.1±0.6	30.5±2.1	25.7±13.4	0.6±0.3	0.3±0.1	26.6±13.1	283±8	12.4±0.6	120±7

项目	F_Borges/(μmol·m^-2·d^-1)	F_N2000/(μmol·m^-2·d^-1)	F_W2014/(μmol·m^-2·d^-1)	面积/km²	N₂O释放量/(mol·d^-1)
上游	43.0±15.6	39.5±14.3	34.7±12.5	1 250	0.5×10⁵
中游	20.2±5.2	18.6±4.8	16.3±4.2	8 200	1.7×10⁵
下游	17.5±4.9	16.1±4.5	14.1±3.9	7 600	1.3×10⁵

项目	F_Borges/(μmol·m^-2·d^-1)	F_N2000/(μmol·m^-2·d^-1)	F_W2014/(μmol·m^-2·d^-1)	面积/km²	N₂O释放量/(mol·d^-1)
上游	43.0±15.6	39.5±14.3	34.7±12.5	1 250	0.5×10⁵
中游	20.2±5.2	18.6±4.8	16.3±4.2	8 200	1.7×10⁵
下游	17.5±4.9	16.1±4.5	14.1±3.9	7 600	1.3×10⁵

海域	调查时间	N₂O浓度/(nmol·L^-1)	N₂O饱和度/%	N₂O海-气交换通量/(μmol·m^-2·d^-1)	文献
渤海湾	2020年7月	32.5±7.0	495.1±101	25.9±6.7^a;32±8.27^b	[45]
渤海湾	2020年10月	23.2±6.5	249.8±80.4	22.1±13.3^a;19.1±11.5^b	[45]
胶州湾	2006年8月	8.10±1.38	122±20	1.37±1.24^c;3.31±3.00^d	[46]
	2006年12月	32.26±13.15	294±120	27.18±16.85^c;53.28±33.03^d	[46]
	2007年4月	17.37±2.65	172±29	6.83±2.69^c;14.38±5.66^d	[46]
	2007年10月	12.11±0.48	143±7	3.41±0.55^c;7.59±1.23^d	[46]
桑沟湾	2013年4月	11.77±0.52	99.21±2.85	-0.41±1.37^c-0.48±2.86^d	[47]
	2013年7月	10.47±0.61	137.99±6.26	2.26±0.37^c;4.48±0.73^d	[47]
	2013年10月	10.59±1.02	129.76±12.83	0.16±0.13^c;0.81±0.86^d	[47]
	2014年1月	17.98±1.94	128.01±11.97	0.11±0.12^c;0.54±0.94^d	[47]
新村湾	2020年7月	5.52±0.50	100±9	0.01±0.09^c;0.10±0.53^d	[48]
新村湾	2021年1月	7.11±0.84	88±11	-0.07±0.12^c;-0.31±0.70^d	[48]
长江口	2011年3月	11.1	107	0.01^a;0.001^b	[24]
	2011年5月	10.1±0.7	122±7	4.4±5.9^a;4.4±6.3^b	[24]
	2011年8月	10.2±0.7	153±10	9.1±5.3^a;8.7±5.5^b	[24]
	2011年10月	7.7±0.6	99±5	0.2±1.2^a;0.2±1.2^b	[24]
	2012年3月	13.27±6.40	111.5±41.4	3.2±10.9^c;5.5±19.3^d;12.2±52.3^f	[49]
	2012年7月	10.62±5.03	155.9±68.4	7.3±12.4^c;12.7±20.4^d;20.4±35.9^f	[49]
珠江口	2010年3月	8.0~329.0	112~3 799	2.0~637.0^e	[50]
	2010年8月	8.0~97.0	138~1 477	0.1~227.0^e	[50]
	2011年1月	9.0~283.0	115~2 740	2.0~519.0^e	[50]
九龙江口	2020年7月	15.3~44.9	462.7±167.2	13.0~57.0^f	[51]
九龙江口	2020年12月	17.9~50.2	400.5±132.9	13.6~61.0^f	[51]
杭州湾	2022年3月	15.2±2.7	136±18	29.5±16.0^e;27.1±14.7^a;23.8±12.9^b	本研究

春季杭州湾及其邻近海域溶解氧化亚氮的分布、通量和影响因素

Distribution, flux and influencing factors of dissolved nitrous oxide in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters in spring

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