海洋学研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 12-20.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2022.01.002
长江口海域潮汐和潮流的观测研究
长江口邻近海域具有显著的强潮特征，除近岸海域外，离岸海域缺乏长期实测的潮汐潮流资料。本文分析了长时间序列的水位观测资料，结果显示长江口海域的潮汐类型属于正规半日潮，近岸海域浅水分潮显著；M2分潮是最显著的半日分潮，振幅具有从东面开阔海域向西面杭州湾口浅水海域或岛群增加的趋势。剖面海流观测资料表明本海域的潮流类型为正规半日潮流，M2分潮流是最显著的半日分潮流，以旋转潮流为主；长江口门南侧两站为逆时针旋转，口门以东站位均为顺时针旋转。潮流的垂直结构具有显著的空间差异，M2分潮流的椭圆率多为负值，潮流的椭圆率、最大流速方向和最大流速到达时间都随深度变化显著。
- 1.卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室，浙江 杭州 310012；
2.自然资源部第二海洋研究所，浙江 杭州 310012;
3.自然资源部长三角海洋生态环境野外科学观测研究站，浙江 舟山 316021；
4.自然资源部第四海洋研究所，
广西 北海 536000；
5.自然资源部第二海洋研究所，深海极地技术研究院，浙江 杭州 310012)
Study on tide and tidal current near the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary based on observational data
There is strong tide in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent area. Except for the coast area, there is a lack of longterm tide level and tidal current data in the offshore area. Long time series of water level observation data was used in this study, and the results reveal that the tidal type in the Changjiang Estuary is a regular semidiurnal tide, with a significant shallow water division in the nearshore area; the M2 division is the most significant semidiurnal tide, and the amplitude tends to increase from the open sea in the east to the shallow water or island group at the mouth of Hangzhou Bay in the west. The M2 tidal current is the most significant semidiurnal tidal current, and the rotating tide is the most significant semidiurnal tide. The two stations to the south of the Changjiang mouth are rotating counterclockwise, while the stations to the east of the mouth are rotating clockwise. The vertical structure of the tide has significant spatial differences, the ellipticity of the M2 tidal current is mostly negative, the ellipticity of the M2 tidal current, the direction and the arrival time of maximum velocity all vary significantly with depth.#br#
- 1.State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou 310012, China;
2.Second Institute of
Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China;
3.Observation and Research Station of Yangtze River Delta Marine
Ecosystems, MNR, Zhoushan 316021, China;
4.Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 53600, China;
5.Institute of Polar and Ocean Technology, SIO, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
摘要： 长江口邻近海域具有显著的强潮特征，除近岸海域外，离岸海域缺乏长期实测的潮汐潮流资料。本文分析了长时间序列的水位观测资料，结果显示长江口海域的潮汐类型属于正规半日潮，近岸海域浅水分潮显著；M2分潮是最显著的半日分潮，振幅具有从东面开阔海域向西面杭州湾口浅水海域或岛群增加的趋势。剖面海流观测资料表明本海域的潮流类型为正规半日潮流，M2分潮流是最显著的半日分潮流，以旋转潮流为主；长江口门南侧两站为逆时针旋转，口门以东站位均为顺时针旋转。潮流的垂直结构具有显著的空间差异，M2分潮流的椭圆率多为负值，潮流的椭圆率、最大流速方向和最大流速到达时间都随深度变化显著。
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