对“国际大洋发现计划”(IODP)351航次U1438A孔晚更新世以来沉积物中黏土矿物的组成、含量及矿物学特征进行了分析。结果表明,U1438A孔中黏土矿物以伊利石为主,平均含量为57%;其次是蒙皂石,平均含量为26%;绿泥石的平均含量为14%;高岭石的含量最少,平均仅为3%。伊利石的结晶度较好(<0.4°Δ2θ),而且化学指数较低(<0.43),表明伊利石主要形成于干冷的气候环境。通过将U1438A孔黏土矿物组合特征与周边可能源区对比,并结合黏土矿物的结晶参数特征,认为蒙皂石主要来源于奄美三角盆地周边岛弧火山物质;伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石主要来自于亚洲大陆风尘。(伊利石+绿泥石)/蒙皂石比值阶段性增加与亚洲大陆晚更新世以来变干冷的趋势是一致的。(伊利石+绿泥石)/蒙皂石和(伊利石+绿泥石)/高岭石比值在冰期的高值,指示了冰期亚洲风尘物质输入的增加,这是对亚洲大陆冰期干旱化和东亚季风增强的响应。

We analyzed the clay mineral assemblages, content and mineralogical characteristics of Hole U1438A sediment recovered from Amami Sankaku Basin during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expedition 351. The results show that the clay minerals are mainly composed of illite (average 57%), smectite (average 26%), chlorite (average 14%) and minor kaolinite(average 3%). The crystallinity of illite in all samples are good (<0.4 Δ° 2θ), and the chemical indexes of illite in all samples are low (<0.4). Both indicate that illite in Hole U1438A formed in cold and dry climate. By comparing clay mineral assemblages of hole U1438A and the potential sediment sources, we suggest that smectite be mainly derived from the volcanic materials around Amami Sankaku Basin. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are mainly derived from the Asian dust. The ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite show a phased increase over the last 350 ka, which is consistent with the cold and drying trend of the Asian continent since late Pleistocene. The high ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite and (illite+chlorite)/kaolinite during glacial period indicate that much more Asian dust was input into the Amami Sankaku Basin, which are responded to the aridity of Asian continent and strengthened east Asian Monsoon during glacial period.

A marine sediment record from the central Bering Sea, spanning the last 20 thousand years (ka), was studied to unravel the depositional history with regard to terrigenous sediment supply and biogenic sedimentation. Methodic approaches comprised the inference of accumulation rates of siliciclastic and biogenic components, grain-size analysis, and (clay) mineralogy, as well as paleoclimatic modelling. Changes in the depositional history provides insight into land-ocean linkages of paleoenvironmental changes. During the finale of the Last Glacial Maximum, the depositional environment was characterized by hemipelagic background sedimentation. A marked change in the terrigenous sediment provenance during the late Heinrich 1 Stadial (15.7–14.5 ka), indicated by increases in kaolinite and a high glaciofluvial influx of clay, gives evidence of the deglaciation of the Brooks Range in the hinterland of Alaska. This meltwater pulse also stimulated the postglacial onset of biological productivity. Glacial melt implies regional climate warming during a time of widespread cooling on the northern hemisphere. Our simulation experiment with a coupled climate model suggests atmospheric teleconnections to the North Atlantic, with impacts on the dynamics of the Aleutian Low system that gave rise to warmer winters and an early onset of spring during that time. The late deglacial period between 14.5 and 11.0 ka was characterized by enhanced fluvial runoff and biological productivity in the course of climate amelioration, sea-level rise, seasonal sea-ice retreat, and permafrost thaw in the hinterland. The latter processes temporarily stalled during the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9-11.7 ka) and commenced again during the Preboreal (earliest Holocene), after 11.7 ka. High river runoff might have fertilized the Bering Sea and contributed to enhanced upper ocean stratification. Since 11.0 ka, advanced transgression has shifted the coast line and fluvial influence of the Yukon River away from the study site. The opening of the Bering Strait strengthened contour currents along the continental slope, leaving behind winnowed sand-rich sediments through the early to mid-Holocene, with non-deposition occurring since about 6.0 ka.

应用X-射线衍射(XRD)方法分析了菲律宾海盆西部I8柱状样35个沉积物样品中的黏土矿物组分,结果表明:I8孔中黏土矿物以伊利石(40%)为主,蒙皂石(28%)和绿泥石(20%)次之,高岭石(12%)相对较低,且伊利石结晶度较好。黏土矿物来源分析表明,伊利石主要来源于亚洲大陆的风尘输入;蒙皂石主要源于研究样品周围火山物质的蚀变;而绿泥石和高岭石可能主要源自吕宋岛风化产物。

The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of siliciclastic sediments and the Nd isotopic compositions of planktonic foraminifera are investigated in sediment trap samples collected in 2015 at water depths of 500 and 2,800 m to (1) track the seasonal changes in the sources and transport patterns of siliciclastic sediments to Benham Rise, (2) constrain the Nd isotopic compositions of the planktonic foraminifera throughout the water column, and (3) assess the influences of lithogenic inputs on the Nd isotopic compositions of the water masses. We demonstrate that volcanic matter and eolian dust are derived primarily from Luzon Island and the Ordos Desert, respectively. In addition, we show that reduced precipitation over Luzon Island and the weakened East Asian winter monsoon intensity result in mass fluxes from Luzon Island and the eastern Asian deserts to the sea, respectively, that are weaker in the winter than in the spring. Furthermore, the εNd values of the foraminifera collected at a water depth of 500 m change slightly in 2015, suggesting negligible impacts of lithogenic Nd inputs characterized by significant seasonal flux variations. In contrast, the εNd values of the planktonic foraminifera collected at a water depth of 2,800 m are systematically more radiogenic and appear to display seasonal variability. Such results suggest the rapid modification of εNd values during the settling of planktonic foraminifera by the precipitation of Mn coatings derived from water masses at deposition depths, with greater contributions of colder water masses originating from the volcanic Luzon Island margin during the winter.

Nie, Junsheng; Hu, Xiaofei; Liu, Shanpin; Peng, Wenbin; Ji, Shunchuan; Pan, Baotian Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 73000, Peoples R China. Stevens, Thomas Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Rittner, Martin; Vermeesch, Pieter UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. Stockli, Daniel; Breecker, Daniel Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Garzanti, Eduardo; Limonta, Mara; Ando, Sergio; Resentini, Alberto; Vezzoli, Giovanni Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Bird, Anna Univ Hull, Dept Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. Saylor, Joel Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Lu, Huayu Nanjing Univ, Sch Oceanog & Geog Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Carter, Andrew Univ London, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England.

A newly constructed record of eolian dust accumulation from the central North Pacific shows that dust deposition increased by an order of magnitude quite rapidly at 3.6 Ma. We associate this sudden drying with the uplift of at least the northern portion of the Tibetan Plateau, shutting off the Indian Ocean moisture source to central and western China. This ten‐fold increase in atmospheric dust loading appears to be associated with the 1‐m.y.‐long shift toward heavy δ18O values that occurred at 3.6–2.6 Ma. The dust grain‐size record of wind intensity begins its late Cenozoic coarsening a million years before the drying event, at ∼4.5 Ma. The northern hemisphere cooling that results in intensification of the subpolar westerly winds may have as its ultimate cause the drawdown of atmospheric CO2 in the latest Miocene and the early Pliocene closing of the Panamanian Seaway.

Pre-Quaternary Asian dust accumulation rate increases were caused by monsoon-driven erosion increases.

Eolian material within pelagic North Pacific Ocean (NPO) sediments contains considerable information about paleoclimate evolution in Asian dust source areas. Eolian signals preserved in NPO sediments have been used as indices for enhanced Asian interior aridity. We here report a detailed eolian dust record, with chemical index of alteration (CIA) and Rb/Sr variations, for NPO sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 885A over the past 4.0 m.y. CIA and Rb/Sr co-vary with the dust signal carried by combined eolian hematite and goethite concentrations. Changes in CIA around the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) event at ca. 2.75 Ma indicate that dust production in source areas was associated mostly with physical and chemical weathering before and after the iNHG event, respectively. We here attribute the eolian flux increase into the NPO across the iNHG event mainly to increased availability of wind-erodible sediment in dust source areas derived from snow and glacial meltwater runoff, which resulted from glacial expansion and enhanced snowfall in the mountains surrounding the Tarim region in response to global cooling. Our results provide a deeper understanding of Asian interior environmental changes in response to global paleoclimate changes, where dust source areas became intermittently moister rather than more arid in response to global cooling.