数字高程模型（DEM）在表达地貌形态、认知地表过程、揭示地学机理等研究中发挥着基础性的作用,是重要的地理空间数据模型,广泛地应用于地学分析与建模中。但是,传统DEM具有属性单一的天然缺陷,难以支撑面向地学过程与机理挖掘的地球系统科学研究。亟待在传统DEM的基础上实现其数据模型的增值,服务于新地貌学研究范式和新对地观测技术背景下的数字地形建模与分析。立足于以上问题,本文构建了DEM增值的理论框架,主要包括DEM增值的概念、内涵、内容、类别、不同增值类别之间的相互关系,以及此理论框架的研究意义和应用范畴。提出了DEM增值的构建方法,包含：① 强调地上地下一体化、时间空间相耦合的DEM空间维度和时间维度增值方法;② 重视地下、地表和地上物质构成,形态属性耦合的物质属性和形态属性增值方法;③ 顾及自然过程、人工作用的地物对象、地貌形态的地物要素和形体要素增值方法。最后,分别以数字阶地模型、数字坡地模型和数字流域模型为例,阐释DEM在面向地貌学本源问题时的不同增值方法及应用场景。期望通过对DEM进行维度、属性和要素3个层面的增值,实现现代对地观测技术背景下数字高程模型表达方法的突破,并支撑知识驱动的数字地貌问题分析。

基于误差传播定律，对稀疏的离散水深点内插值进行了精度分析，建立了单波束水深内插值中误差表达的数学模型，利用我国南方某海岸带的3个试验区的进行了试验。试验结果表明，反距离加权法、Shepard法和线性插值三角网法，辅以自适应搜索半径法，内插水深值粗差比例普遍低于5%，质量与效率上为较优的插值模型；内插值精度与数据源精度有关，但与数据源密度关系不大；在给定深度测量极限误差情况下，建议在制定有关数字水深模型标准时，对水深在20 m以内的格网点水深值极限误差可设置为0.4 m。

In the paper the accuracy for single beam echosounder interpolations using error propagation law is analyzed. A mathematical model of medium error expression for interpolation of water depth in single beam is established and the results in three experimental zones of a coastal zone in south China is tested. The inverse distance weighting method, shepard method and linear interpolation triangulation method with adaptive Search Radius Method are used to compute the gross error of water depth interpolations in this test. The results show that the ratio of gross errors is less than 5% and the three methods are superior in efficiency and quality. Also, we get that the interpolations' accuracy is related to the precision of data source, but not to the density of data source. In the case of a given depth measurement limit error, we suggest that the limit value of Grid point water depth value should set to be 0.4m in the digital water depth model standards.

潮间带地形测量对保护与利用滩涂具有基础作用,本文提出联合船载单波束回声测量与机载激光LiDAR综合系统。首先采用ODOM MKⅢ双频单波束测深仪同步采集并验证无人机机载LiDAR潮间带范围点云成果符合精度;然后针对潮间带复杂环境设计了无人机机载LiDAR低潮航摄关键指标;最后优化了高精度大比例尺地形图测制方法,该方法结合了低潮时机载LiDAR滩涂陆地地形和高潮时船载单波束测深滩涂水下地形方式的潮间带。实践表明:①选取的816个重合区域测点高程比对测量符合精度,99%的比对点高程差值在0.2 m内,说明机载激光LiDAR测量可满足沿海滩涂测量要求;②无人机进出测区应依次轮换,且采用平飞结合八字飞行以避免IMU误差累积,控制航线弯曲度不大于3%,保障点云数据精度及有效覆盖;③该测量系统在潮间带高精度大范围地形测量工程具有参考意义。

Intertidal topographic surveys have a fundamental role in the protection and utilization of tidal flats. A combined shipborne single beam bathymetry echo measurement and airborne laser LiDAR integrated system is proposed. Firstly, the ODOM MKⅢ dual-frequency single beam bathymetry is used to collect and verify the accuracy of the point cloud results in the intertidal zone of the UAV airborne LiDAR. Then the key indicators for the implementation of UAV airborne LiDAR low-tide aerial photography are designed in complex environments. Finally the intertidal zone with high precision is optimized by combining the land topography of airborne LiDAR tidal flats at low tide and the underwater terrain of tidal flats with shipborne single beam bathymetry at high tide. Scale topographic map surveying method. The practice shows that: ① 816 measuring points in the overlapping area are selected to compare the two measurement accuracies, and 99% of the compared points have the difference in elevation within 0.2 m, indicating that the airborne laser LiDAR measurement can meet the measurement requirements of coastal tidal flats.② The UAV entering and leaving the survey area should be rotated in turn, and the horizontal flight combined with the figure-of-eight flight should be used to avoid the accumulation of IMU errors.③ The measurement system is of reference significance for the promotion of high-precision large-area topographic surveying projects in the intertidal zone.

探讨Kriging插值法在重力异常数据插值中的应用，根据已有实测数据进行距离分组试验，得到变异函数；将插值结果与反距离加权法和移动趋势面分析法结果进行比较分析，认为Kriging插值具有更高的拟合精度，更能适应数据变化较大的区域。

探讨Kriging插值法在重力异常数据插值中的应用，根据已有实测数据进行距离分组试验，得到变异函数；将插值结果与反距离加权法和移动趋势面分析法结果进行比较分析，认为Kriging插值具有更高的拟合精度，更能适应数据变化较大的区域。