The spatial and temporal differences of upper ocean in tropical Pacific during the “triple-dip” La Niña of 2020-2023

CHEN Cong, XU Chuyue, QIN Jianhuang, KANG Yanyan, WANG Guifen

Journal of Marine Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4) : 12-20.

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Journal of Marine Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4) : 12-20. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.002

The spatial and temporal differences of upper ocean in tropical Pacific during the “triple-dip” La Niña of 2020-2023

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Abstract

The occurrence of a “triple-dip” La Niña event is historically rare, yet it has exerted profound impacts on global weather and climate systems. To enhance the understanding of the causes of multiple La Niña events and improve the prediction capabilities for weather and climate, a comparative analysis of the ocean-atmosphere processes in the tropical Pacific during the 2020-2023 “triple-dip” La Niña period was conducted based on multiple sets of observational and reanalysis data, employing composite analysis and other methods. Results showed that: The peak of the 2020 La Niña event occurred in winter and lasted the longest among this “triple-dip” La Niña events; the peak of the 2021 La Niña event also occurred in winter, with the cold anomaly centered near the eastern Pacific, classified as an “Eastern Pacific” type; the peak of the 2022 La Niña event occurred in autumn, relatively weaker in intensity and the shortest in duration, with the cold anomaly centered in the central Pacific, classified as a “Central Pacific” type. Further research revealed a coupling relationship between zonal wind and sea surface temperature (SST) variations. However, during this “triple-dip” La Niña period, the intensity and location of the eastward wind anomalies showed little variation across different La Niña events. In contrast, subsurface SST changes align with changes in SST anomaly centers, it may be a crucial factor influencing the intensity and type differences among this “triple-dip” La Niña events. Although eastward-propagating Kelvin waves had a certain impact on the ocean system, but their propagation speeds and intensities exhibited minimal variations during this “triple-dip” La Niña events. Additionally, the study found that variations in the growth rate of warm water volume contributed to the differences in La Niña intensities, while the meridional convergence and divergence of warm water led to the seasonal phase-locking phenomenon of La Niña events.

Key words

sea surface temperature anomaly / subsurface sea temperature / warm water volume / El Niño-Southern Oscillation / climate change / air-sea interaction / multiyear La Niña / climate prediction

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CHEN Cong , XU Chuyue , QIN Jianhuang , et al . The spatial and temporal differences of upper ocean in tropical Pacific during the “triple-dip” La Niña of 2020-2023[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences. 2024, 42(4): 12-20 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.002

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