Wave characteristics and their influencing factors on Nanhui tidal flats in the Changjiang Estuary

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.02.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Wave is an important factor to shape the dynamic geomorphology of the open tidal flat, but researches on tidal-flat wave characteristics are still limited. Taking Nanhui tidal flats in the Changjiang Estuary as an example, the wave characteristic parameters and wave spectrum parameters were obtained by inverting flow-velocity and water-pressure data from the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) at some fixed platforms, and their changes over tidal cycles and associated influence mechanisms were discussed. The results show that both normal wave direction and prominent wave direction at three stations of Nanhui tidal flats are mainly southeast during the observation period, with long-period swells dominating. The effective wave height of the three stations is positively correlated with the water depth, but the fitting coefficients of each station are different over flood and ebb periods. Wave orbital velocities are obviously modulated by the shallow water effect and the flow directions, and their maximum values usually occur at the early flooding stage, while minimum values can be observed to occur during the current transition periods. The wave energy spectrum during ebb tides is featured by the bimodal pattern because of high influence by tidal levels and coastal topography, and the peak energy is continuously attenuated and gradually dispersed with the concurrent shift of peak frequencies.

Key words: Nanhui tidal flats, wave characteristic parameter, spectrum of waves, wind

CLC Number:

P731.22

CUI Minghui, TU Junbiao, MENG Lingpeng, GUO Xingjie, SU Ni, FAN Daidu. Wave characteristics and their influencing factors on Nanhui tidal flats in the Changjiang Estuary[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(2): 28-44.

Figures/Tables 18

References 35

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站位	经纬度	仪器	采样频率 /Hz	流速探头距滩面距离/m	潮周期
站位	经纬度	仪器	采样频率 /Hz	流速探头距滩面距离/m	T1	T2	T3
S1	121°59'14.50″E, 30°53'41.32″N	ADV9658	32	0.28	9月5日19:00— 9月6日03:50	9月6日07:20—15:50	9月6日19:30— 9月7日04:20
S2	121°55'45.44″E, 30°51'36.40″N	ADV8160	32	0.20	9月5日18:40— 9月6日04:50	9月6日07:00—16:40	9月6日19:20— 9月7日05:10
S3	121°57'14.15″E, 30°59'08.59″N	ADV8173	32	0.52	9月5日19:10— 9月6日04:10	9月6日07:40—16:10	9月6日20:10— 9月7日05:00

站位	经纬度	仪器	采样频率 /Hz	流速探头距滩面距离/m	潮周期
站位	经纬度	仪器	采样频率 /Hz	流速探头距滩面距离/m	T1	T2	T3
S1	121°59'14.50″E, 30°53'41.32″N	ADV9658	32	0.28	9月5日19:00— 9月6日03:50	9月6日07:20—15:50	9月6日19:30— 9月7日04:20
S2	121°55'45.44″E, 30°51'36.40″N	ADV8160	32	0.20	9月5日18:40— 9月6日04:50	9月6日07:00—16:40	9月6日19:20— 9月7日05:10
S3	121°57'14.15″E, 30°59'08.59″N	ADV8173	32	0.52	9月5日19:10— 9月6日04:10	9月6日07:40—16:10	9月6日20:10— 9月7日05:00

站位	潮时	平均水深/m	平均流速/(m·s^-1)	平均流向/(°)	波传播方向/(°)	平均历时/h
S1	涨潮	2.69	0.44	260.09	285.24	3.61
	落潮	2.63	0.49	57.04	302.21	5.11
	全潮	2.65	0.47	158.57	295.08	8.72
S2	涨潮	2.93	0.20	247.56	260.11	4.22
	落潮	2.50	0.18	79.89	280.34	5.39
	全潮	2.71	0.17	163.73	270.23	9.61
S3	涨潮	2.97	0.38	309.77	318.10	4.00
	落潮	2.48	0.25	128.85	203.24	4.78
	全潮	2.70	0.31	203.24	275.78	8.78

站位	潮时	平均水深/m	平均流速/(m·s^-1)	平均流向/(°)	波传播方向/(°)	平均历时/h
S1	涨潮	2.69	0.44	260.09	285.24	3.61
	落潮	2.63	0.49	57.04	302.21	5.11
	全潮	2.65	0.47	158.57	295.08	8.72
S2	涨潮	2.93	0.20	247.56	260.11	4.22
	落潮	2.50	0.18	79.89	280.34	5.39
	全潮	2.71	0.17	163.73	270.23	9.61
S3	涨潮	2.97	0.38	309.77	318.10	4.00
	落潮	2.48	0.25	128.85	203.24	4.78
	全潮	2.70	0.31	203.24	275.78	8.78

站点	潮周期	潮时	有效波高/m	平均周期/s	平均跨零周期/s	波轨流速/(m·s^-1)
S1	T1	全潮范围	0.08~0.52	3.08~5.73	2.80~4.90	0.10~0.26
		涨潮平均	0.40	3.97	3.56	0.20
		落潮平均	0.28	4.20	3.66	0.14
		全潮平均	0.34	4.11	3.62	0.16
	T2	全潮范围	0.06~0.56	3.04~4.90	2.90~4.46	0.08~0.22
		涨潮平均	0.43	3.28	3.11	0.19
		落潮平均	0.28	4.39	3.85	0.14
		全潮平均	0.36	3.94	3.54	0.15
	T3	全潮范围	0.04~0.51	3.37~5.60	3.13~4.90	0.06~0.24
		涨潮平均	0.40	3.62	3.35	0.19
		落潮平均	0.22	4.42	3.89	0.11
		全潮平均	0.31	4.09	3.67	0.15
S2	T1	全潮范围	0.08~0.41	2.62~6.04	2.50~5.04	0.07~0.25
		涨潮平均	0.31	3.30	3.05	0.15
		落潮平均	0.14	4.54	3.95	0.10
		全潮平均	0.23	3.92	3.50	0.13
	T2	全潮范围	0.09~0.50	2.72~5.41	2.62~4.85	0.09~0.23
		涨潮平均	0.33	3.25	3.08	0.15
		落潮平均	0.18	4.59	4.16	0.12
		全潮平均	0.26	3.92	3.62	0.15
	T3	全潮范围	0.06~0.44	2.69~5.43	2.57~4.75	0.06~0.18
		涨潮平均	0.31	3.24	3.07	0.14
		落潮平均	0.15	4.16	3.70	0.09
		全潮平均	0.23	3.92	3.39	0.12
S3	T1	全潮范围	0.09~0.47	2.61~4.09	2.46~3.41	0.06~0.13
		涨潮平均	0.34	2.51	3.13	0.10
		落潮平均	0.30	3.92	2.73	0.09
		全潮平均	0.29	3.14	2.91	0.10
	T2	全潮范围	0.06~0.50	2.50~3.54	2.43~3.31	0.04~0.13
		涨潮平均	0.41	3.07	2.93	0.11
		落潮平均	0.20	2.98	2.79	0.08
		全潮平均	0.30	3.03	2.86	0.09
	T3	全潮范围	0.05~0.48	2.53~4.04	2.47~3.52	0.03~0.13
		涨潮平均	0.37	3.17	2.96	0.10
		落潮平均	0.16	3.32	2.98	0.06
		全潮范围	0.26	3.25	2.97	0.08