Air-sea CO2 flux in the East China Sea estimated by empirical formula based on the parameters of

Abstract

Abstract: Using the empirical formula of TSUNOGAI et al, a preliminary study was made on the climatological distribution and seasonal variation of the sea surface pCO₂ and air-sea CO₂ flux in the East China Sea,and the influence of sea surface temperature, salinity, phosphate concentration and wind speed. The formula was based on environmental parameters ( sea surface temperature, salinity and phosphate concentration). The data used were from WOA09 ( monthly mean climatological sea surface temperature, salinity and phosphate concentration) ,Globalview ( atmospheric pCO₂ ) and NCEP ( monthly mean wind speed). The spatial distribution of the calculated pCO₂ maintains a gradually increasing trend from the northwest to the southeast while its magnitude varies significantly with seasons, lower in spring and winter, higher in summer and autumn. Space-time pattern of the CO₂ flux varies obviously, the continental shelf region as a whole is the convergence of CO₂ from atmosphere, while the Kuroshio region is the source. The convergence intensity gradually weakens from the northwest to the southeast and that of source strengthens from the north to the south. The East China Sea uptake CO₂ from atmosphere in spring and winter while release CO₂ to atmosphere in summer and autumn.
Analysis of seasonal change of the sea surface pCO₂ in the East China Sea shows that SST is its main controlling factor. They change in the same phase, reache the maximum in summer and minimum in winter. In the Kuroshio area, salinity and phosphate concentration remains stable all the year round, their seasonal variations could be neglected and the variation of pCO₂ is completely controlled by temperature. In the continental shelf area, the changes of salinity and phosphate concentration are contrary to that of temperature,but the magnitude is relatively low. The seasonal change of pCO₂ is still controlled by SST in most of the months except June,July and December,when the role of salinity and phosphate concentration tops that of SST.
For the East China Sea as a whole, the CO₂ flux changes with the wind speed from April to October, indicating that the wind speed is the leading role in the air-sea CO₂ exchange. During this period, the wind speed changes significantly due to monsoon conversion, which has great impacts on the CO₂ flux. From November to March, the CO₂ flux changes with sea surface pCO₂, when the wind speed remains high all along and pCO₂ varies significantly. In the continental shelf area, the surface pCO₂ remains lower than the atmosphere pressure all along,and the CO₂ flux is smaller than zero, its magnitude is closely related to the wing speed,and obviously high in winter except for a relatively high value in July associated with the strengthening of summer monsoon. The CO2 flux in the Kuroshio area is year-round positive and has a maximum in June-July and October-November respectively. The extreme value in June-July is closely related to summer monsoon enhancement,while that in October-November to the start of the winter monsoon and wind speed enhancement. It should be noted that though the wind speed is strong in winter, the CO₂ flux is not great because of comparatively low surface pCO₂. The variation of CO₂ flux in Kuroshio area is controlled by both wind speed and surface pCO₂.

Key words: partial pressure of CO₂, air-sea CO₂ flux, the East China Sea

LI Yi, HE Hai-lun, CHEN Da-ke. Air-sea CO₂ flux in the East China Sea estimated by empirical formula based on the parameters of[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2012, 30(3): 30-40.

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Air-sea CO₂ flux in the East China Sea estimated by empirical formula based on the parameters of

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