Characteristics of runoff and sediment discharge in the Pearl River Basin in recent 70 years and analysis on the affecting factors of human activities

doi:10.3969j.issn.1001-909X.2022.04.005

Abstract

Abstract: The variation characteristics of water and sediment in the Pearl River Basin over the past about 70 years were analyzed by using the runoff and sediment discharge data at three major hydrological stations in the Pearl River Basin, Gaoyao Station (Xijiang River), Shijiao Station (Beijiang River) and Boluo Station (Dongjiang River) from 1954 to 2019, and applying the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and accumulative anomaly curves. The results showed that the change of the runoff in the Pearl River from 1954 to 2019 was not obvious while the sediment discharge was decrease, among which the sediment discharge at Gaoyao and Boluo Stations changed abruptly in 2003 and 1991, decreasing by 71.3% and 48.88%, respectively, compared with before the abrupt change, while the sediment discharge at Shijiao Station did not change abruptly. On this basis, the change of vegetation cover in the basin and its relationship with the change of water and sediment were studied by using the precipitation data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the basin from 2000 to 2019. The NDVI in the Pearl River Basin showed an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2019, and the improvement area of vegetations cover accounted for 89.27% of the total basin area. Among which NDVI in the Pearl River Basin was poorly correlated with sediment discharge from 2000 to 2008, NDVI in the Xijiang River Basin and Dongjiang River Basin were positively correlated with precipitation in the basin but not with sediment discharge form 2009 to 2019, and only in the Beijiang River Basin, NDVI was insignificantly negatively correlated with sediment discharge. The influence of human activities on sediment discharge in the Pearl River at different periods was discussed using the double cumulative curve method. Since the 1980s, human activities such as deforestation, reservoir construction, and soil and water conservation had a significant impact on sediment discharge. After 2000, the construction of Longtan Reservoir was the main reason for the decline of sediment discharge in the Xijiang River, but the improvement of vegetation coverage had no significant impact on the sediment discharge in the Pearl River Basin.

Key words: sediment discharge, runoff, NDVI, human activities, the Pearl River

CLC Number:

P333.4

DU Yichao, LUO Xiaowen, WANG Jun, CUI Jiaxin. Characteristics of runoff and sediment discharge in the Pearl River Basin in recent 70 years and analysis on the affecting factors of human activities[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2022, 40(4): 52-64.

References

[1] MILLIMAN J D, MEADE R H. World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1983, 91(1): 1-21.
[2] MILLIMAN J D, QIN Yunshan, REN Meie, et al. Man's influence on the erosion and transport of sediment by Asian Rivers: The Yellow River (Huanghe) example[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1987, 95(6): 751-762.
[3] MILLIMAN J D, SYVITSKI J P M. Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: The importance of small mountainous rivers[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1992, 100(5): 525-544.
[4] WALLING D E, FANG D. Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world's rivers[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 39(1/2): 111-126.
[5] MILLIMAN J D, FARNSWORTH K L. River discharge to the coastal ocean a global synthesis[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011: 384.
[6] SUN Pengcheng, WU Yiping, GAO Jianen, et al. Shifts of sediment transport regime caused by ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 698: 134261.
[7] YANG Z, WANG H, SAITO Y, et al. Dam impacts on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River sediment discharge to the sea: The past 55 years and after the Three Gorges Dam[J]. Water Resources Research, 2006, 42(4): W04407.
[8] WANG Houjie, YANG Zuosheng, SAITO Y, et al. Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment load (1950-2005): Impacts of climate change and human activities[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2007, 57(3/4): 331-354.
[9] FANOS A M. The impact of human activities on the erosion and accretion of the Nile delta coast[J]. Journal of Coastal Research, 1995, 11(3): 821-833.
[10] DAI S B, YANG S L, CAI A M. Impacts of dams on the sediment flux of the Pearl River, Southern China[J]. CATENA, 2008, 76(1): 36-43.
[11] 吴创收,杨世伦,黄世昌,等.1954—2011年间珠江入海水沙通量变化的多尺度分析[J].地理学报,2014,69(3):422-432.
WU Chuangshou, YANG Shilun, HUANG Shichang, et al. Multi-scale variability of water discharge and sediment load in the Pearl River during 1954-2011[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(3): 422-432.
[12] WU Chuangshou, JI Changchen, SHI Benwei, et al. The impact of climate change and human activities on streamflow and sediment load in the Pearl River Basin[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2019, 34(4): 307-321.
[13] WEI Xing, CAI Shuqun, NI Peitong, et al. Impacts of climate change and human activities on the water discharge and sediment load of the Pearl River, Southern China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10: 16743.
[14] 高海东,刘晗,贾莲莲,等.2000—2017年河龙区间输沙量锐减归因分析[J].地理学报,2019,74(9):1745-1757.
GAO Haidong, LIU Han, JIA Lianlian, et al. Attribution analysis of precipitous decrease of sediment loads in the Hekou-Longmen section of Yellow River since 2000[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(9): 1745-1757.
[15] 戴仕宝,杨世伦,蔡爱民.51年来珠江流域输沙量的变化[J].地理学报,2007,62(5):545-554.
DAI Shibao, YANG Shilun, CAI Aimin. Variation of sedi-ment discharge of the Pearl River Basin from 1955 to 2005[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(5): 545-554.
[16] TAN Chao, HUANG Bensheng, LIU Kunsong, et al. Using the wavelet transform to detect temporal variations in hydrological processes in the Pearl River, China[J]. Quaternary International, 2017, 440: 52-63.
[17] 赵荻能.珠江河口三角洲近165年演变及对人类活动响应研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
ZHAO Dineng. Morphological evolution of the Pearl River Delta in the past 165 years and its response to human activities[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2017.
[18] 田清.近60年来气候变化和人类活动对黄河、长江、珠江水沙通量影响的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016.
TIAN Qing. Impacts of climate change and human activity on the water and sediment flux of the Yellow, Yangtze and Pearl River Basins over the past 60 years[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2016.
[19] 中国河流泥沙公报[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000—2019.
Bulletins of Chinese river sediment[M]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2000-2019.
[20] 龙鑫,李静,柳钦火.植被指数合成算法综述[J].遥感技术与应用,2013,28(6):969-977.
LONG Xin, LI Jing, LIU Qinhuo. Review on VI compositing algorithm[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2013, 28(6): 969-977.
[21] 信忠保,余新晓,甘敬,等.黄河中游河龙区间植被覆盖变化与径流输沙关系研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(5):1-7.
XIN Zhongbao, YU Xinxiao, GAN Jing, et al. Vegetation restoration and its effects on runoff and sediment yield in Hekouzhen-Longmen Section of the middle reaches of Yellow River[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2009, 31(5): 1-7.
[22] TUCKER C J, NEWCOMB W W, DREGNE H E. AVHRR data sets for determination of desert spatial extent[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1994, 15(17): 3547-3565.
[23] MANN H B. Nonparametric tests against trend[J]. Econo-metrica, 1945, 13(3): 245-259.
[24] 刘成,王兆印,隋觉义.我国主要入海河流水沙变化分析[J].水利学报,2007,38(12):1444-1452.
LIU Cheng, WANG Zhaoyin, SUI Jueyi. Analysis on variation of seagoing water and sediment load in main rivers of China[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2007, 38(12): 1444-1452.
[25] 倪培桐,闻平,刘剑宇.珠江三角洲水沙年际变化趋势分析[J].人民珠江,2016,37(1):19-24.
NI Peitong, WEN Ping, LIU Jianyu. Study on variation of annual water discharge and sediment load in Pearl River Delta[J]. Pearl River, 2016, 37(1): 19-24.
[26] SEN P K. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau[J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1968, 63(324): 1379-1389.
[27] LIU Zhenzhen, WANG Hang, LI Ning, et al. Spatial and temporal characteristics and driving forces of vegetation changes in the Huaihe River Basin from 2003 to 2018[J]. Sustainability, 2020, 12(6): 2198.
[28] 赵卓文,张连蓬,李行,等.基于MOD13Q1数据的宁夏生长季植被动态监测[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(6):741-752.
ZHAO Zhuowen, ZHANG Lianpeng, LI Xing, et al. Monitoring vegetation dynamics during the growing season in Ningxia based on MOD13Q1 data[J]. Progress in Geography, 2017, 36(6): 741-752.
[29] 袁丽华,蒋卫国,申文明,等.2000—2010年黄河流域植被覆盖的时空变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7798-7806.
YUAN Lihua, JIANG Weiguo, SHEN Wenming, et al. The spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2010[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(24): 7798-7806.
[30] HAO Xingming, CHEN Yaning, XU Changchun, et al. Impacts of climate change and human activities on the surface runoff in the Tarim River Basin over the last fifty years[J].Water Resources Management, 2008, 22(9): 1159-1171.
[31] WU C S, YANG S L, LEI Yaping. Quantifying the anthropogenic and climatic impacts on water discharge and sediment load in the Pearl River (Zhujiang), China (1954-2009)[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 452/453: 190-204.
[32] ZHANG Shurong, LU Xixi, HIGGITT D L, et al. Recent changes of water discharge and sediment load in the Zhujiang (Pearl River) Basin, China[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2008, 60(3/4): 365-380.
[33] 陈文贵.水土保持是珠江流域山区农业可持续发展的基础[J].人民珠江,1998,19(1):20-23.
CHEN Wengui. Soil and water conservation is the foundation of sustainable agricultural development in mountainous areas of Pearl River Basin[J]. Pearl River, 1998, 19(1): 20-23.