Remote sensing study of tidal flat area change in Yueqing Bay in recent 30 years considering tidal level correction

doi:10.3969-j.issn.1001-909X.2023.01.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Tidal flat is an important part of coastal wetland, and is of great significance for blue carbon. Remote sensing is the most widely used method for tidal flat monitoring, but due to the influence of tides, the area of tidal flat extracted by remote sensing is often greatly underestimated. In this study, Sentinel-2 satellite images from 2016 to 2021 were used to extract the instantaneous area of tidal flats in Yueqing Bay, and the quantitative relationship between tidal flats area and tidal level or the tidal level correction model for tidal flats area was established. On this basis, Landsat satellite images in 7 years from 1988 to 2020 were selected to extract the instantaneous tidal flat area, and the established correction model was used to obtain the corrected multi-year tidal flat area at low tide level, and the change of tidal flat area in Yueqing Bay in recent 30 years and the main driving factors were analyzed. In recent 30 years, the tidal flat area of Yueqing Bay showed a trend of significant increase from 1988 to 1994, sharp decrease from 1994 to 2010, slight increase from 2010 to 2015, and decrease again from 2015 to 2020. The development and utilization of tidal flat by human activities is the main driving factor of tidal flat area change in Yueqing Bay.

Key words: tidal flat area, Yueqing Bay, satellite remote sensing, tidal level correction, tidal flat evolution, driving factor

CLC Number:

P737.1
TP79

TIAN Fangyan, HE Xianqiang, ZHU Bozhong, GONG Fang, ZHU Qiankun. Remote sensing study of tidal flat area change in Yueqing Bay in recent 30 years considering tidal level correction[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(1): 68-81.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig.1 The location of study area

Fig.2 The number of the Sentinel-2 images in each year(a) and month(b)

Tab.1 Landsat satellite data used in this study

卫星名称	成像日期	成像时刻	瞬时潮高/cm	分辨率/m
Landsat 5	1988-07-07	09:56	184.54	30
Landsat 5	1988-11-12	09:56	637.99	30
Landsat 5	1994-05-05	09:45	291.12	30
Landsat 5	1994-07-24	09:43	618.52	30
Landsat 7	2000-05-13	10:17	242.70	30
Landsat 7	2000-09-18	10:16	573.47	30
Landsat 7	2006-08-18	10:15	188.33	30
Landsat 5	2006-08-26	10:19	589.55	30
Landsat 7	2010-11-01	10:14	191.05	30
Landsat 5	2010-11-09	10:15	621.41	30
Landsat 8	2015-04-13	10:25	243.67	30
Landsat 8	2015-08-03	10:25	654.55	30
Landsat 7	2020-09-25	09:51	210.99	30
Landsat 8	2020-04-10	10:25	652.99	30

Fig.3 Process of water sideline extraction

Fig.4 Process of tidal flat area extraction

Fig.5 Construction of buffers and random sample points

Fig.6 Relationship between tidal flat area and tidal level

Fig.7 Extraction results of instantaneous tidal flat distribution in 7 periods from 1988 to 2020

Tab.2 Summary of evaluation results of tidal flat extraction accuracy

年份	1988年	1994年	2000年	2006年	2010年	2015年	2020年
总体精度	0.960	0.985	0.985	0.980	0.970	0.960	0.990
Kappa系数	0.913	0.959	0.943	0.931	0.903	0.901	0.967

Tab.3 Comparison of tidal flat extraction results between Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8

卫星类型	上边界影像日期	下边界影像日期	成像时刻	瞬时潮位/cm	潮滩面积/km²	潮滩面积差
Landsat 8	2020年04月10日	2018年12月17日	10:25	231.2	114.36
Sentinel-2	2020年04月10日	2018年12月17日	10:31	232.3	115.47	+0.97%

Fig.8 Comparison of tidal flat extracted by Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 imageries in the similar observing time

Fig.9 Superposition of upper boundary of tidal flat in each period

Fig.10 Long-term changes of tidal flat areas for pre and post corrections

Tab.4 Changes of corrected tidal flat area of Yueqing Bay in recent 30 years

年份	滩涂面积/km²	滩涂面积变化量/km²	潮滩面积变化幅度/%
1988年	197.51	/	/
1994年	211.07	+13.56	+6.87
2000年	174.09	-36.98	-17.52
2006年	160.51	-13.58	-7.80
2010年	155.04	-5.47	-3.41
2015年	156.76	+1.72	+1.11
2020年	146.56	-10.2	-6.51

Fig.11 The mean sea level at Longwan Station from 1980 to 2019

Fig.12 The relation between tidal flat area and GDP(a), output of aquatic product(b) of Yueqing City from 1988 to 2020

Fig.13 Changes of tidal flat before and after the implementation of Xuanmen Bay Project

Fig.14 Development and utilization of Huaqi tidal flat from 1988 to 2010

Fig.15 Evolution of tidal flat of Yueqing Bay from 2010 to 2020

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