Island group is a typical form of existence for offshore islands in China. Investigating the evolution of landscape patterns in an island group and among individual islands can provide theoretical foundations and technical support for island resource management. Based on the high-resolution remote sensing images of six inhabited islands (Dongtou Island, Banping Island, Dasanpan Island, Huagang Island, Niyu Island and Zhuangyuanao Island) in Dongtou District in 2008, 2014, 2018 and 2022, the landscape pattern indices of island groups and individual islands were calculated. The results indicate the following: (1) During the study period, the proportions of forest land, water areas, and cultivated land in the landscape of island group have been continuously declining, while the proportions of building land, industrial and mining land, and road areas have been steadily increasing. (2) The landscape pattern changes on Dongtou Island, Dasanpan Island, Niyu Island, and Zhuangyuanao Island are significant, with the former two primarily characterized by an increase in building land and the latter two by an increase in industrial and mining land; the landscape patterns of Banping Island and Huagang Island are relatively stable. (3) Development activities among the islands are interrelated, with the landscape evolving in an orderly manner. The transformations of forest land into mining areas on Niyu Island and Dasanpan Island have supported the reclamation and subsequent development of water areas on Dongtou Island and Zhuangyuanao Island; as the larger islands develop, the development of surrounding smaller islands has also begun.