南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系

杨睿; 阎贫; 吴能友; 乔少华; 苏明; 梁金强; 郭攀; 霍元媛

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2014.04.003

PDF(3557 KB)

海洋学研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4) : 19-26. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2014.04.003

研究论文

南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系

杨睿^1,2,3,4, 阎贫^*1, 吴能友^2,3, 乔少华^2,3,4, 苏明^2,3, 梁金强⁵, 郭攀⁶, 霍元媛⁷

作者信息 +

Seismic reflecting characteristics of fluid and its effect on gas hydrate distribution in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea

YANG Rui^1,2,3,4, YAN Pin^*1, WU Neng-you^2,3, QIAO Shao-hua^2,3,4, SU Ming^2,3, LIANG Jin-qiang⁵, GUO Pan⁶, HUO Yuan-yuan⁷

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

天然气水合物的分布在很大程度上受到含气流体运移的影响。南海北部陆坡区,尤其是珠江口盆地的白云凹陷,普遍存在流体渗漏的现象,暗示了水合物赋存的良好前景。神狐海域水合物钻探区内的高分辨率地震资料显示,区域内发育大量流体运移通道,在地震剖面上表现为不同形态的地震反射模糊带,根据其形态特征,可以划分为花冠状和穹顶状两大类模糊反射带。模糊反射带的存在意味着研究区内具有良好的含气流体运移条件,能够为甲烷气体的垂向运移提供通道。神狐海域水合物的钻探结果表明,水合物的分布与模糊反射带的分布范围具有良好的空间匹配关系,其中,花冠状地震反射模糊带侧翼部与中尺度正断层相连,促进了含气流体的侧向运移,顶部与可能的微裂隙相通,气体可向上运移至水合物稳定带,形成了水合物藏;而穹顶状地震反射模糊带顶部则通过疑似流体通道与海底沟通,这种结构极易形成气体逃逸而无法形成水合物。因此,不同形态特征的模糊反射带可能对水合物的分布具有一定的指示意义。

Abstract

The distribution of gas hydrate is affected greatly by the migration of gas fluid. The leakage of gas fluid is common in the slope of northern South China Sea, especially in the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, which implies good prospect of gas hydrate occurrence. According to high resolution seismic data about the Shenhu Area, large numbers of fuzzy zones with different morphological characteristics were recognized. They were considered to be main channel of free gas and could be classified into two types: corolliform and dome-form. The existence of fuzzy zones implied that there was a good condition for the migration of gas hydrate in this area, which could provide a vertical channel for free gas migration. Drilling results showed that gas hydrate zones were related to special distribution of fuzzy zones. The corolliform fuzzy zones connected with a set of middle size faults, which promoted the free gas moving to the flank area. The top might connect the small crack with which the free gas could move upwards to the gas hydrate stability zone to form gas hydrate. The top of dome-form fuzzy zones might connect to seafloor through the gas fluid crack. This kind structure could cause the free gas escape and therefore could not form the gas hydrate. This classification method could provide a new indicator about gas hydrate distribution.

导出引用

杨睿, 阎贫, 吴能友, 乔少华, 苏明, 梁金强, 郭攀, 霍元媛. 南海神狐水合物钻探区不同形态流体地震反射特征与水合物产出的关系[J]. 海洋学研究. 2014, 32(4): 19-26 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2014.04.003

YANG Rui, YAN Pin, WU Neng-you, QIAO Shao-hua, SU Ming, LIANG Jin-qiang, GUO Pan, HUO Yuan-yuan. Seismic reflecting characteristics of fluid and its effect on gas hydrate distribution in the Shenhu Area, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences. 2014, 32(4): 19-26 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2014.04.003

中图分类号： P631.4+6 P744.4

参考文献

[1] LINKE P, SUESS E, TORRES M, et al. In-situ measurement of fluid-flow from cold seeps at active continental margins[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers,1994,41(4):721-739.
[2] BERNDT C. Focused fluid flow in passive continental margins[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences,2005,363(1837):2 855-2 871.
[3] HENSEN C, WALLMANN K. Methane formation at Costa Rica continental margin-constraints for gas hydrate inventories and cross-decollement fluid flow[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,236(1-2):41-60.
[4] FERMANDEZ-PUGA M C, VAZQUEZ J T, SOMOZA L, et al. Gas-related morphologies and diapirism in the Gulf of Cadiz[J]. Geo-Marine Letters,2007,27(2-4):213-221.
[5] SUN Qi-liang, WU Shi-guo, HOVLAND M, et al., The morphologies and genesis of mega-pockmarks near the Xisha Uplift, South China Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(6):1 146-1 156.
[6] HEGGLAND R. Detection of gas migration from a deepsource by the use of exploration 3D seidmicdata[J]. Marine Geology,1997,137(1-2):41-47.
[7] MELDAHL P, HEGGLAND R, BRIL B, et al. Identifying fault and gas chimneys using multi-attributes and neural networks[J]. The Leading Edge,2001,20(5):474-482.
[8] WANG Xiu-juan, WU Shi-guo, DONG Dong-dong, et al. Characteristics of gas chimney and its relationship to gas hydrate in Qiong-dongnan Basin[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2008,28(3):103-108.
王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地气烟囱构造特点及其与天然气水合物的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):103-108.
[9] WU Shi-guo, GONG Yue-hua, MI Li-Jun, et al. Study on hydrocarbon leakage system and associated gas hydrate reservoirs in the deepwater basin of Northern South China Sea[J]. Geoscience,2010,24(3):433-440.
吴时国,龚跃华,米立军,等.南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):433-440.
[10] SHA Zhi-bin, WANG Hong-bin, ZHANG Guang-xue, et al. The relationship between diaper structure and gas hydrate mineralization[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):283-288.
沙志彬,王宏斌,张光学,等.底辟构造与天然气水合物的成矿关系[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):283-288.
[11] HE Jia-xiong, XIA bin, ZHANG Shu-lin, et al. Origin and distribution of mud diaper in the Yinggehai Basin and their relation to the migration and accumulation of natural gas[J]. Geology in China,2006,33(6):1 336-1 344.
何家雄,夏斌,张树林,等.莺歌海盆地泥底辟成因、展布特征及其与天然气运聚成藏关系[J].中国地质,2006,33(6):1 336-1 344.
[12] HE Yong-yao, WANG Ying-min, XU Cui-xia, et al. Characteristics and accumulation model of gas chimneys in deep water area of Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2012,17(3):62-66.
何永垚,王英民,许翠霞,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷气烟囱特征及成藏模式[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(3):62-66.
[13]CHUN J H, RYU B J, SON B K, et al. Sediment mounds and other sedimentary features related to hydrate occurrences in a columnar seismic blanking zone of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(10):1 787-1 800.
[14] WANG Xiu-juan, HUTCHINSON D R, WU Shi-guo, et al. Elevated gas hydrate saturation within silt and silty clay sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2011,116(B5):1-18.
[15] SUN Qi-liang, WU Shi-guo, CARTWRIGHT J, et al. Shallow gas and focused fluid flow systems in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology,2012,315-318: 1-14,doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2012.05.003.
[16] MAO Yun-xin, HE Jia-xiong, ZHANG Shu-lin, et al. Geophysical characters and origin of the thermal fluids in Changnan Block of mud diaper zone in Yinggehai Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(1):108-113.
毛云新,何家雄,张树林,等.莺歌海盆地泥底辟带昌南区热流体活动的地球物理特征及成因[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(1):108-113.
[17] ZHAO Han-qing, WU Shi-guo, XU Ning, et al. The elementary research of gas hydrate associated with mud diaper structure in the East China Sea[J]. Geoscience,2006,20(1):115-122.
赵汗青,吴时国,徐宁,等.东海与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物初探[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):115-122.
[18] WU Neng-you, LIANG Jin-qiang, WANG Hong-bin, et al. Marine gas hydrate system: State of the art[J]. Geoscience,2008,22(3):356-362.
吴能友,梁金强,王宏斌,等.海洋天然气水合物成藏系统研究进展[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):356-362.
[19] WU Neng-you, YANG Sheng-xiong, WANG Hong-bin, et al. Gas-bearing fluid influx sub-system for gas hydrate geological system in Shenhu Area, Northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(6):1 641-1 650.
吴能友,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1 641-1 650.
[20] HE Jia-xiong, ZHU You-hai, WENG Rong-nan, et al. Characters of north-west mud diapirs volcanoes in South China Sea and relationship between them and accumulation and migration of oil and gas[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosicences,2010,35(1):75-86.
何家雄,祝有海,翁荣南,等.南海北部边缘盆地泥底辟及泥火山特征及其与油气运聚关系[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2010,35(1):75-86.
[21] HE Jia-xiong, ZHU You-hai, WENG Rong-nan, et al. The characteristics of mud diapirs and mud volcanoes in the north marginal basins of the South China Sea and their geological significance for oil and gas[J]. Science Frontier,2012,64(2):15-18.
何家雄,祝有海,翁荣南,等.南海北部边缘盆地泥底辟、泥火山特征及油气地质意义[J].科学前沿,2012,64(2):15-18.
[22] HE Jia-xiong, ZHU You-hai, MA Wen-hong, et al. Volcanoes, mud volcanoes/mud diapirs and gas traps and their relationship with oil and gas[J]. Geology in China,2010,37(6):1 720-1 732.
何家雄,祝有海,马文宏,等.火山泥火山/泥底辟及含气陷阱与油气运聚关系[J].中国地质,2010,37(6):1 720-1 732.
[23] WU Neng-you, ZHANG Hai-qi, YANG Sheng-xiong, et al. Preliminary discussion on natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoir system of Shenhu Area, North Slope of South China Sea[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(9):1-6.
吴能友,张海啟,杨胜雄,等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探[J].天然气工业,2007,27(9):1-6.
[24] WANG Li-feng, SHA Zhi-bin, LIANG Jin-qiang, et al. Analysis of gas hydrate absence induced by the late-stage diaper domination in the borehole SH5 of Shenhu Area[J]. Geoscience,2010,24(3):450-456.
王力峰,沙志彬,梁金强,等.晚期泥底辟控制作用导致神狐海域SH5钻位未获水合物的分析[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):450-456.
[25] HAYES D E. The tectonic evolution of the South China Basin, in the tectonic and geologic evolution of southeast Asian seas and islands[M]. Washington: American Geophysical Union,1981:89-104.
[26] PAUTOT G, RANGIN C, BRIAIS A, et al. Spreading direction in the central South China Sea[J]. Nature,1986,321:150-154.
[27] YAO Bo-chu. The gas hydrate in the South China Sea[J]. Tropic Oceanology,2001,20(2):20-28.
姚伯初,南海的天然气水合物矿藏[J].热带海洋学报,2001,20(2):20-28.
[28] YAO Bo-chu, WU Neng-you. Gas hydrate, a future energy resource[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(1):225-233.
姚伯初,吴能友.天然气水合物——石油天然气的未来替代能源[J].地学前缘,2005,12(1):225-233.
[29] SUN Zhen, PANG Xiong, ZHONG Zhi-hong, et al. Dynamics of Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):489-498.
孙珍,庞雄,钟志洪,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):489-498.
[30] ZHANG Gong-cheng, MI Li-jun, WU Shi-guo, et al. Deepwater area-the new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.
张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.
[31] SHI Wan-zhong, SONG Zhi-feng, WANG Xiao-long, et al. Diapir Structure and its origin in the Baiyun Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2009,34(5):778-784.
石万忠,宋志峰,王晓龙,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷底辟构造类型及其成因[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2009,34(5):778-784.
[32] SUN Long-tao, ZHOU Di, CHEN Chang-min, et al. Fault structure and evolution of Baiyun Sag in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2008,27(2):25-31.
孙龙涛,周蒂,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷断裂构造特征及其活动期次[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(2):25-31.
[33] YU Xing-he, LIANG Jin-qiang, FANG Jing-nan, et al. Tectonic subsidence characteristics and its relationship to BSR distribution in deep water area of Pearl River Mouth Basin since the Late Miocene[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(6):787-800.
于兴河,梁金强,方竞男,等.珠江口盆地深水区晚中新世以来构造沉降与似海底反射(BSR)分布的关系[J].古地理学报,2012,14(6):787-800.
[34] WU Neng-you, ZHANG Hai-qi, YANG Sheng-xiong, et al. Gas hydrate system of Shenhu Area, northern South China Sea: Geochemical results[J]. Journal of Geological Research,2011,2011:1-10.
[35] XU Hua-ning, XING Tao, WANG Jia-sheng, et al. Detecting seepage hydrate reservoir using multi-channel seismic reflecting data in Shenhu area[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2012,37(supplement):195-202.
徐华宁,邢涛,王家生,等.利用多道地震反射数据探测神狐海域渗漏型水合物[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2012,37(增刊):195-202.
[36] PANG Xiong, YANG Shao-kun, ZHU Ming, et al. Deep-water fan systems and petroleum resources on the Northern Slope of the South China Sea[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica: English Edition,2004,78(3):626-631.
[37] WANG Chi-yun, XIE Xi-nong. Hydrofracturing and episodic fluid flow in shale-rich basins-a numerical study[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(10):1 857-1 869.
[38] XIE Xi-nong, LI Si-tian, HU Xiang-yun, et al. Heat fluid migration system in diaper zone of Yinggehai Basin[J]. Science in China: Series D,1999,29(3):247-256.
解习农,李思田,胡祥云,等.莺歌海盆地底辟带热流体输导系统及其成因机制[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,1999,29(3):247-256.