海洋学研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 53-60.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2017.02.006

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

一种人工鱼礁的水动力学研究与建设效果评价

姜少杰1, 刘海敌*1, 吴伟1, 王世明1,2   

  1. 1.上海海洋大学 工程学院,上海 201306;
    2.上海海洋大学 海洋工程研究所,上海 201306
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-15 修回日期:2016-12-03 出版日期:2017-06-15 发布日期:2022-11-18
  • 通讯作者: *刘海敌(1991-),男,主要从事渔业机械研究。E-mail:liu_haidy@163.com
  • 作者简介:姜少杰(1965-),女,上海市人,副教授,主要从事渔业机械研究。E-mail:sjjiang@shou.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    农业部2013年渔业资源和海洋环境保护项目资助(D8005-13-0296)

Study on hydrodynamics and effect evaluation for constructing of an artificial reef

JIANG Shao-jie1, LIU Hai-di*1, WU Wei1, WANG Shi-ming1,2   

  1. 1. College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2. Institute of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • Received:2016-11-15 Revised:2016-12-03 Online:2017-06-15 Published:2022-11-18

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摘要： 针对舟山群岛的海洋环境和渔业资源等情况,设计了一种正六棱柱式人工鱼礁用于改善当地的海洋生态和渔业资源。选用反映鱼礁通透性的ε值和反映鱼礁附着能力的η值两个参数对人工鱼礁的结构进行评价,通过比较发现所设计的正六棱柱式人工鱼礁在具有良好通透性的情况下还能够为海洋生物提供更大的附着面积,满足设计需求。使用Fluent软件对鱼礁进行CFD仿真,发现鱼礁迎流面前部上升流的最大高度随来流速度的增加而增加,鱼礁后方背涡流的长度约为鱼礁高度的9.3~9.6倍,表明其具有很好的水动力特性。为进一步验证鱼礁的水动力学性能,在相同尺寸、相同水域环境下对鱼礁模型设计了水槽实验,与仿真结果相互验证,证明了正六棱柱式人工鱼礁水动力性能的有效性。最后采用实地调查的方法对正六棱柱式鱼礁礁区与箱形鱼礁礁区进行建设效果的对比评价,发现两种鱼礁均能对各自所处的海洋环境起到增殖作用,正六棱柱人工礁区的平均生物密度大于对比礁区的生物密度,证明了其良好的水动力特性对增殖效果的有效性。

关键词: 人工鱼礁, 上升流, 背涡流, CFD仿真, 水槽实验, 效果评价

Abstract: A positive six prism type artificial reef was designed to improve the marine fisheries habitat of the Zhoushan Archipelago. Two parameters of ε and η were used to evaluate the structure of artificial reefs, the value ε reflects the water permeability of artificial reefs and the value η reflects the adhesion ability of artificial reefs. The positive six prism type artificial reef was found to have a good permeability, and could also provide a larger area for the attachment of marine organisms. The design objectives were met. Based on the Fluent software, the CFD simulation of the fish reef was carried out, it was found that the maximum height of the upwelling increased with the flow velocity, and the length of the back vortex was about 9.3-9.6 times of the height of the fish reef, which indicated that it had a good hydrodynamic performance. In order to validate the performance of simulation further, flume experiment was conducted, which yielded consistent results as the simulation study. This further proved the validity of the hydrodynamic performance of the positive six prism artificial reef. The field experiment was also conducted at the end to evaluate the effect of the positive six prism reefs and to compare with the regular artificial reefs. Both the reefs could improve marine environment, but the average of density and biomass in the area of the positive six prism type artificial reef was higher than those in the control reef area, showing that the positive six prism artificial reef tended to have better hydrodynamic characteristics leading to more efficient in improving local habitats.

Key words: artificial reef, upwelling current, wake vortex, CFD simulation, flume experiment, effect evaluation

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