浙江苍南近岸海域实测波浪特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.03.005

海洋学研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 43-55.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.03.005

浙江苍南近岸海域实测波浪特征分析

周昳鸣¹(), 杨立华², 郇彩云³^,⁴^,^*(), 刘荣³^,⁴

1.中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司,北京 102209
2.华能国际电力江苏能源开发有限公司清洁能源分公司,江苏南京 210015
3.浙江省深远海风电技术研究重点实验室,浙江杭州 310014
4.中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州 310014

收稿日期:2022-11-15 修回日期:2023-03-08 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-10-24
通讯作者: *郇彩云(1983—),女,正高级工程师,主要从事海上风电基础结构设计、海洋水文方面的研究,E-mail:huan_cy@hdec.com。
作者简介:周昳鸣(1985—),男,江苏省苏州市人,正高级工程师,主要从事海上风机荷载方面的研究,E-mail:zzhoul9851014@hotmail.com。
基金资助:
中国华能集团有限公司科技项目“海上风机、塔架和基础一体化设计技术(一)”(HNKJ20-H07)

Analysis of measured wave characteristics in the coastal waters of Cangnan, Zhejiang Province

ZHOU Yiming¹(), YANG Lihua², HUAN Caiyun³^,⁴^,^*(), LIU Rong³^,⁴

1. China Hua’neng Group Clean Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
2. Clean Energy Branch of Hua’neng International Power Jiangsu Energy Development Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210015, China
3. Key Laboratory of Far-shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
4. Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310014, China

Received:2022-11-15 Revised:2023-03-08 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-10-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用浙江苍南近岸海域一年实测波浪资料,统计分析了波参数特征,采用最小二乘法拟合分析了波参数之间的相关关系,研究波浪平均持续时间和波高的关系,对波浪能进行估算,并分析了台风“利奇马”期间典型台风浪特征。结果表明:研究海域以谱峰周期5~9 s的轻浪为主,年平均有效波高为1.25 m,年最大波高为10.80 m,常浪向为E,强浪向为ENE。特征波高之间具有显著的线性关系,符合典型的瑞利分布。有效波高2.7 m以下的非台风、非寒潮期和4.1 m以上的台风期,波浪平均持续时间随波高的增大呈指数衰减,且有效波高在4.1 m以上的台风期的波浪衰减速率高于有效波高在2.7 m以下的非台风、非寒潮期。台风“利奇马”影响期间,最大波高、谱峰周期、谱峰密度呈现基本同步的先增大后减小的过程,最大谱峰密度为55.10 m²/Hz;台风影响前、后的波浪谱型均呈双峰谱,台风影响最显著期间的波浪谱型呈单峰谱。

关键词: 波参数, 波浪平均持续时间, 波浪能, 波浪谱

Abstract:

Based on the one-year measured wave data in the coastal area of Cangnan, Zhejiang Province, the characteristics of wave parameters were statistically analyzed, the correlation between wave parameters was analyzed by using the least square method, the relationship between the average wave duration and wave height was studied, the wave energy was estimated, and the characteristics of typical typhoon waves during typhoon “Lekima” were analyzed.The results show that the study area is mainly composed of light waves with spectral peak period of 5-9 s, the annual average significant wave height of 1.22 m, the normal wave direction is E, the strong wave direction is ENE.There is a significant linear relationship between the characteristic wave heights, which conforms to the typical Rayleigh Distribution.In typhoon free period and cold wave free period with significant wave height below 2.7 m and typhoon period with significant wave height above 4.1 m, the average duration of wave decreases exponential decays with the increase of wave height, and the attenuation rate of typhoon period with significant wave height above 4.1 m is higher than that of typhoon free period and cold wave free period with significant wave height below 2.7 m.During the impact of typhoon “Lekima”, the maximum wave height, spectral peak period, and spectral peak density show a basically synchronous process of first increasing and then decreasing, with a maximum spectral peak density of 55.10 m²/Hz;the typhoon wave spectrum before and after the impact of the typhoon show a bimodal spectrum, while the wave spectrum during the most significant period of typhoon impact show a unimodal spectrum.

Key words: wave parameters, average wave duration, wave energy, wave spectrum

中图分类号:

P731.22

周昳鸣, 杨立华, 郇彩云, 刘荣. 浙江苍南近岸海域实测波浪特征分析[J]. 海洋学研究, 2023, 41(3): 43-55.

ZHOU Yiming, YANG Lihua, HUAN Caiyun, LIU Rong. Analysis of measured wave characteristics in the coastal waters of Cangnan, Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(3): 43-55.

图/表 21

图1 波浪观测站位置示意图

Fig.1 Location diagram of wave observation station

表1 波要素特征值统计表

Tab.1 Statistical table of wave characteristics

年	月	月平均周期/s	月最大平均周期/s	月均有效波高/m	月最大有效波高/m	月均十分之一波高/m	月最大十分之一波高/m	月均最大波高/m	月最大波高/m
2019年	7月	4.2	6.5	1.14	2.53	1.43	3.19	1.90	4.39
	8月	4.7	8.4	1.55	7.09	1.93	9.12	2.49	10.80
	9月	4.5	7.5	1.43	3.82	1.79	5.05	2.33	7.33
	10月	4.8	8.1	1.20	5.83	1.47	7.67	1.80	8.89
	11月	5.1	9.2	1.47	4.16	2.01	5.96	2.65	7.88
	12月	4.9	8.9	1.33	3.60	1.74	5.06	2.41	6.68
2020年	1月	4.4	6.3	0.98	2.57	1.24	3.15	1.62	4.32
	2月	4.5	6.0	1.28	3.40	1.60	4.35	2.10	5.60
	3月	4.1	5.9	1.26	3.62	1.58	4.54	2.07	5.75
	4月	4.1	5.8	1.06	2.76	1.33	3.39	1.75	4.41
	5月	4.4	6.7	1.04	2.38	1.30	3.02	1.72	4.05
	6月	3.8	5.0	1.24	2.40	1.55	3.08	2.05	4.19

图2 观测期间有效波高(a)和平均周期(b)随时间的变化过程

Fig.2 Change process of annual significant wave height (a) and average period with time (b)

图3 波高特征值月变化过程线

Fig.3 Monthly variation process of characteristic value of wave height

表2 各级有效波高出现频率

Tab.2 Occurrence frequency of the significant wave height at all levels

波级	有效波高/m	出现频率/%
波级	有效波高/m	观测期间	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
小浪	[0.1,0.5)	2.98	0.23	0.80	0.81	1.14
轻浪	[0.5,1.25)	57.46	17.62	13.52	12.35	13.97
中浪	[1.25,2.5)	35.90	6.94	9.80	9.99	9.17
大浪	[2.5,4.0)	3.16	0.30	0.64	1.68	0.54
巨浪	[4.0,6.0)	0.42	0	0.34	0.08	0
狂浪	[6.0,9.0)	0.08	0	0.08	0	0

表3 各级有效波高各向出现频率

Tab.3 Occurrence frequency of the significant wave height of all levels and directions

波向	出现频率/%
波向	小浪	轻浪	中浪	大浪	巨浪	狂浪	合计
N	0	0.05	0.02	0	0.01	0	0.08
NNE	0	0.07	0.26	0.03	0.03	0	0.39
NE	0.42	3.70	10.68	1.69	0.03	0	16.52
ENE	0.31	8.37	6.12	0.35	0.01	0.02	15.18
E	0.66	14.6	6.87	0.28	0.01	0.06	22.48
ESE	0.77	12.38	2.35	0.21	0.08	0	15.79
SE	0.47	8.15	1.53	0.14	0	0	10.29
SSE	0.17	3.54	1.24	0.19	0.07	0	5.21
S	0.09	3.25	1.76	0.13	0.07	0	5.30
SSW	0.07	2.55	4.99	0.13	0.10	0	7.84
SW	0	0.34	0.08	0.01	0	0	0.43
WSW	0.01	0.25	0	0	0	0	0.26
W	0.01	0.11	0	0	0	0	0.12
WNW	0	0.03	0	0	0	0	0.03
NW	0	0.06	0	0	0.01	0	0.07
NNW	0	0.01	0	0	0	0	0.01
合计	2.98	57.46	35.90	3.16	0.42	0.08	100

图4 有效波高玫瑰图

Fig.4 Rose chart of significant wave height

图5 最大波高各方向分布图

Fig.5 The maximum wave height of all directions

表4 不同平均周期出现频率

Tab.4 Occurrence frequency of the different average wave period

平均周期/s	出现频率/%
平均周期/s	观测期间	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
(0,3)	1.04	0.42	0.22	0.09	0.31
[3,4)	27.21	9.81	10.39	2.97	4.04
[4,5)	49.46	11.92	10.76	13.39	13.39
≥5	22.29	2.94	7.13	4.45	7.77

表5 有效波高和谱峰周期联合分布

Tab.5 Joint distribution of significant wave height and spectral peak period

谱峰周期/s	出现频率/%
谱峰周期/s	小浪	轻浪	中浪	大浪	巨浪	狂浪	合计
[3,5)	0.28	5.09	0.63	0.02	0	0	6.02
[5,7)	1.27	21.18	13.95	0.51	0.05	0	36.96
[7,9)	0.98	22.04	13.00	1.28	0.05	0	37.35
[9,11)	0.14	5.84	6.12	1.03	0.17	0	13.30
≥11	0.32	3.28	2.12	0.40	0.17	0.08	6.37

图6 几种特征波高线性关系拟合

Fig.6 Linear relationship fitting of several characteristic wave heights

图7 几种特征周期线性关系拟合

Fig.7 Linear relationship fitting of several characteristic wave periods

图8 NE—SW向有效波高和平均波周期相关系数玫瑰图

Fig.8 Rose diagram of correlation coefficient of significant wave height and mean wave period from northeast to southwest direction

图9 SSE—S—SSW向有效波高和平均周期的相关关系

Fig.9 Correlation between significant wave height and mean wave period from SSE to S to SSW direction

表6 设定有效波高和对应平均持续时间统计表

Tab.6 Statistical table of setting significant wave height and corresponding average duration

有效波高/m	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.6
平均持续时间/d	7.86	2.56	1.50	1.09	0.84	0.69	0.59	0.52	0.49	0.45	0.43	0.38	0.34	0.32	0.35	0.30	0.24	0.21	0.20	0.21	0.24	0.23
有效波高/m	2.7	2.8	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.8
平均持续时间/d	0.23	0.26	0.28	0.26	0.25	0.23	0.24	0.26	0.28	0.37	0.38	0.36	0.33	0.31	0.29	0.47	0.47	0.44	0.44	0.30	0.27	0.21
有效波高/m	4.9	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.8	5.9	6.0	6.1	6.2	6.3	6.4	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.9	7.0
平均持续时间/d	0.25	0.32	0.17	0.19	0.18	0.17	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.21	0.17	0.15	0.25	0.21	0.21	0.17	0.17	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04

图10 平均持续时间随有效波高的变化

Fig.10 Variation of average duration with respect to significant wave height

图11 观测期间波浪能流密度(a)和月均波浪能流密度(b)变化过程

Fig.11 The variation process of wave energy flow density(a) and monthly average wave energy flow density (b) during the observation period

图12 波浪观测站和台风“利奇马”路径图

Fig.12 Location of the wave observation station and the track of typhoon “Lekima”

图13 台风“利奇马”影响期间最大波高和谱峰周期变化过程

Fig.13 Variation process of maximum wave height and spectral peak period during typhoon “Lekima”

图14 台风“利奇马”期间波浪谱峰密度变化过程

Fig 14 Variation process of wave spectrum peak density during typhoon “Lekima”

图15 台风“利奇马”影响前(a)、后(c)和影响最显著期间(b)波浪谱型

Fig 15 Wave spectral pattern before(a) and after (c) the impact of typhoon “Lekima” and during the most significant impact period (b)

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浙江苍南近岸海域实测波浪特征分析

Analysis of measured wave characteristics in the coastal waters of Cangnan, Zhejiang Province

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