南太平洋典型岛国海洋生态环境状况及其对汤加火山爆发的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.03.010

海洋学研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 101-114.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2023.03.010

• 研究报道 • 上一篇

南太平洋典型岛国海洋生态环境状况及其对汤加火山爆发的响应

龚芳¹^,²^,³(), 朱伯仲¹^,²^,⁴, 李腾¹^,², 王雨馨¹^,², 李鸿喆¹^,²^,⁵, 何贤强¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 张清¹^,²

1.卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012
2.自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012
3.东海实验室,浙江舟山 316021
4.浙江大学海洋学院, 浙江舟山 316021
5.上海交通大学海洋学院,上海 200240

收稿日期:2022-09-30 修回日期:2023-02-17 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-10-24
通讯作者: *何贤强(1978—),男,研究员,主要从事海洋遥感研究,E-mail:hexianqiang@sio.org.cn。
作者简介:龚芳(1979—),女,湖南省张家界市人,高级工程师,主要从事遥感资料处理与应用研究,E-mail:gongfang@sio.org.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3104901);国家自然科学基金项目(41476157);国家自然科学基金项目(41776029);国家自然科学基金项目(L1624046)

Remote sensing research on temporal and spatial variations of ecological environments and response for Tonga volcanic eruptions in South Pacific island countries

GONG Fang¹^,²^,³(), ZHU Bozhong¹^,²^,⁴, LI Teng¹^,², WANG Yuxin¹^,², LI Hongzhe¹^,²^,⁵, HE Xianqiang¹^,²^,³^,^*(), ZHANG Qing¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou 310012, China
2. Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China
4. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
5. The School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Received:2022-09-30 Revised:2023-02-17 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-10-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南太平洋岛国大多四面环海且国土面积狭小,多为生态环境脆弱区。基于此,本文利用多源卫星数据,对瑙鲁、帕劳、图瓦卢、马绍尔群岛四国的海洋生态环境进行监测,基于长时间序列遥感结果的回溯,分析了其时空变化,并对比分析了汤加火山爆发前后,各国生态环境是否发生显著变化。结果显示:1)在气候态时空分布上,南太平洋岛屿国家周边海域海表温度和透明度一直维持在较高水平,叶绿素和净初级生产力则随离岸距离增加快速下降;2)升温、酸化和海平面升高是四个岛屿国家周边海域面临的共同问题;3)汤加火山的爆发对于南太平洋四岛国的沿岸悬浮物质量浓度、海表温度等无明显影响;4)火山爆发前半个月海岛地表温度以及周边海域悬浮物质量浓度异常升高的现象对利用遥感手段进行灾害预警预报具有启示作用。

关键词: 海洋生态环境, 南太平洋岛国, 汤加火山爆发, 遥感, Sentinel-2, Landsat-8

Abstract:

The unique geographical features of the island countries in South Pacific, which are surrounded by sea and small in size, make most of the island countries in this region "ecologically fragile areas". Based on this, multi-source satellite data were used to monitor the marine ecological environment of Nauru, Palau, Tuvalu, and the Marshall Islands. It was also focused on whether there have been significant changes in the ecological environment of various countries before and after the Tonga volcanic eruption, to help to understand the impact of the Tonga volcanic eruption. The results show that: (1) In terms of temporal and spatial distribution of climatic states, the sea surface temperature and transparency of the surrounding waters of the South Pacific island countries maintain a relatively high level, while chlorophyll and net primary productivity decrease rapidly with the increase of offshore distance. (2) Warming, acidification and sea level rising are common problems faced by the sea areas of the four island countries. (3) The eruption of the Tonga Volcano has no significant impact on the coastal TSM mass concentration and SST. (4) The phenomenon of abnormally rising surface temperature and changed suspended matter mass concentration of the island in the first half month of the volcanic eruption has implications for disaster warning and forecasting using remote sensing methods.

Key words: marine ecological environment, South Pacific island countries, Tonga volcanic eruption, remote sensing, Sentinel-2, Landsat-8

中图分类号:

X834

龚芳, 朱伯仲, 李腾, 王雨馨, 李鸿喆, 何贤强, 张清. 南太平洋典型岛国海洋生态环境状况及其对汤加火山爆发的响应[J]. 海洋学研究, 2023, 41(3): 101-114.

GONG Fang, ZHU Bozhong, LI Teng, WANG Yuxin, LI Hongzhe, HE Xianqiang, ZHANG Qing. Remote sensing research on temporal and spatial variations of ecological environments and response for Tonga volcanic eruptions in South Pacific island countries[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2023, 41(3): 101-114.

图/表 15

图1 帕劳、马绍尔群岛、瑙鲁、图瓦卢的地理位置(a)及与汤加的距离(b)

Fig.1 Location of Palau, Marshall Islands, Nauru, and Tuvalu (a) and relative distance from Tonga (b)

表1 本研究使用的公里级分辨率卫星资料清单

Tab.1 List of kilometer-level-resolution satellite data

序号	要素	选用数据时期	空间分辨率/km	卫星源
1	海表温度	1997—2018年	1	MODIS
2	海水透明度	1998—2018年	1	MODIS
3	叶绿素质量浓度	1997—2018年	1	MODIS
4	净初级生产力	2003—2018年	4	MODIS
5	pH值	2004—2018年	4	MODIS
6	海平面高度异常	1997—2018年	25	TOPEX/Poseidon、 ERS-1/2

表2 本研究使用的高分辨率卫星资料清单

Tab.2 List of high-resolution satellite data

卫星	分辨率/m	分析对象	区域	成像时间
Sentinel-2	10	岸线	洪阿哈阿帕伊岛	2021-12-03
				2021-12-08
				2021-12-13
				2021-12-18
				2021-12-23
				2021-12-28
				2022-01-02
				2022-01-07
				2022-01-12
				2022-01-17
		悬浮物质量浓度	帕劳	2021-12-25
			帕劳	2022-02-08
			马绍尔群岛	2021-12-29
				2022-01-01
				2022-01-13
				2022-01-16
			瑙鲁	2022-01-14
			瑙鲁	2022-01-24
			图瓦卢	2022-01-11
			图瓦卢	2022-01-21
Landsat-8	30	地表温度	洪阿哈阿帕伊岛及周边海域	2021-10-21
				2021-11-22
				2021-12-08

图2 南太平洋海域生态环境参数的气候态空间分布

Fig.2 Climatic spatial distribution of ecological environmental parameters in the South Pacific Ocean

表3 采样点位置及其生态环境参数变化速率

Tab.3 Location of sampling points and their changing rates of ecological environment parameters

采样点位置			生态环境参数变化速率
所属国家	经度	纬度	pH值/(a^-1)	海表温度 /(℃· a^-1)	海水透明度 /(m· a^-1)	海平面高度异常 /(m· a^-1)	叶绿素质量浓度/ (mg·m^-3· a^-1)	净初级生产力/ (mg·m^-2·d^-1· a^-1)
图瓦卢	177.94°E	9.26°S	-0.002 3	0.000 72	—	0.000 14	—	-0.12
瑙鲁	166.93°E	0.86°S	-0.001 2	0.000 60	0.01	0.000 13	-7E5	—
马绍尔群岛	171.14°E	6.7°N	-0.002 2	0.000 60	0.01	0.000 14	-5E5	—
帕劳	134.97°E	7.21°N	-0.002 0	0.000 75	—	0.000 20	—	—

图3 南太平洋岛屿国家周边海域海洋生态环境参数的长时间序列变化 (字符“+”表示统计结果显著,p<0.05。)

Fig.3 Long term changes in marine ecological environment parameters of the surrounding waters in South Pacific island countries (The character“+” indicates significant statistical results, p<0.05.)

图4 火山爆发前后火山岛岸线及岛屿面积对比

Fig.4 Comparison of the shoreline and area of the volcanic island before and after the eruption of the volcano

图5 火山爆发前后火山岛周围海域悬浮物质量浓度分布情况

Fig.5 Distribution of TSM mass concentration in the surrounding waters of the volcanic island before and after the eruption of the volcano

图6 火山爆发前火山岛及参考海岛地表温度分布情况

Fig.6 Surface temperature of volcanic island and reference islands before the volcanic eruption

图7 火山爆发前后图瓦卢、瑙鲁、马绍尔群岛和帕劳的周边海域悬浮物质量浓度分布

Fig.7 Distribution of TSM mass concentration in the surrounding waters of Tuvalu, Nauru, Marshall Islands, and Palau before and after the volcanic eruptions

图8 火山爆发前后南太平洋岛国周边海域SST的变化百分比(a)及其直方图分布(b)

Fig.8 Percentage of SST changes (a) and its histogram (b) in the waters surrounding the South Pacific island countries before and after the volcanic eruption

图9 火山爆发前后图瓦卢、瑙鲁、马绍尔群岛和帕劳周边海域的净初级生产力及其变化百分比

Fig.9 Net primary productivity and its change in the waters around Tuvalu, Nauru, Marshall Islands, and Palau before and after the eruption of the volcano

图10 火山爆发前后图瓦卢、瑙鲁、马绍尔群岛和帕劳周边海域净初级生产力及其变化百分比的直方图

Fig.10 Histogram of net primary productivity and its change in the waters around Tuvalu, Nauru, Marshall Islands, and Palau before and after the eruption of the volcano

图11 火山爆发前后图瓦卢、瑙鲁、马绍尔群岛和帕劳周边海域的海水透明度及其变化百分比

Fig.11 Seawater transparency and its changes in the waters around Tuvalu, Nauru, Marshall Islands, and Palau before and after the eruption of the volcano

图12 火山爆发前后图瓦卢、瑙鲁、马绍尔群岛和帕劳周边海域海水透明度及其变化百分比的直方图

Fig.12 Histogram of seawater transparency and its changes in the waters around Tuvalu, Nauru, Marshall Islands, and Palau before and after the eruption of the volcano

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南太平洋典型岛国海洋生态环境状况及其对汤加火山爆发的响应

Remote sensing research on temporal and spatial variations of ecological environments and response for Tonga volcanic eruptions in South Pacific island countries

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