30a来伶仃洋海岸线变迁及海底冲淤变化

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用 Kriging网格化等方法,构建了伶仃洋1990年和2008年2期海底地形四维时空模型,结合210Pb测年,分虎门区、淇澳岛区、伶仃洋浅滩区、伶仃航道区和铜鼓航道周边区等5个亚区定量分析了1975年以来伶仃洋海岸线变迁和海底冲淤时空变化。30a来,全区陆地面积增加216.0 km² ,水域面积减少84.6 km²,滩涂面积减少131.4 km²,水域容积减少19 783.7X10⁴ m³,年均淤积量达到477.4X10⁴ m³ ,河口整体处于不断淤浅萎缩中。5个亚区的年冲淤量分别为-236.6X10⁴ ,135.3X10⁴ ,663.7X10⁴,-452.7X10⁴和367.7X10⁴ m³;平均冲淤速率分别为-4.46,0.93,1.27,-5.49和2.93 cm/a。虎门区和伶仃航道区总体水深加深,其他区域水深变浅,铜鼓航道周边淤积最为严重。虎门区水深加深主因是自然冲刷和人工采砂,伶仃航道水深加深是人工清淤的结果,铜鼓航道为新开挖的人工航道。受人工疏浚拋泥影响,各航道两侧水深明显变浅,其他区域水深变化系三角洲自然演变结果。随着伶仃洋两岸经济的迅猛发展,人类活动已成为该区海底地形地貌演变的重要因素。

关键词: 伶仃洋, 海底地形, 冲淤变化, 海岸线变迁, 人为因素

Abstract: Based on the Krig gridding method, 4D space-time terrain models of Lingdingyang estuary were constructed for two years of 1990 and 2008 respectively. And then, the Lingyingyang estuary can be divided into 5 regions of Humen region, Qi’ao island region, Lingdingyang shallow shoal region, Lingding waterway region and marginal region of Tonggu waterway, the shoreline migration and scour-and-fill space-time alternation in all these five regions since 1975 were quantitatively analyzed, combining with ²¹⁰Pb dating method. It had found that the land area of whole region had increased 216. 0 km² ,the water area had decreased 84.6 km², and the tidal-flat area had decreased 131. 4 km²,the holding capacity of water area had reduced 19 783.7X10⁴ m³,the mean annual silting quantity had reached 477. 4 X 10⁴ m³,and the whole estuary was silting and atrophying constantly. The annual silting quantities of the 5 regions were-236.6X10⁴,135.3X10⁴, 663.7X10⁴,-452.7X10⁴ and 367.7X 10⁴ m³ respectively, while the mean silting velocity Were-4.46,0.93,1.27,-5.49 and 2.93 cm/a respectively. The total depths in Humen region and Lingding waterway region had increased while those in other regions had decreased. The silting extent in marginal region of Tonggu waterway was significant. The main reason of the increasing water depth in Humen region is natural degradation and manual sand digging while the deepening in Lingding waterway region is the result of artificial desilting. Tonggu waterway is a new digged artificial channel. Influenced by manual dredging mud, water depths at both sides of each channels decreased apparently. But the changes of water depths in other regions were the results of natural evolution of delta. With the fast development of economics at two sides of Lingdingyang estuary, the manual activity had been the main factor for the evolution of seafloor relief and landform in this region.

Key words: Lingdingyang estuary, digital terrain model(DTM), silting change, shoreline migration, artificial factor

中图分类号:

姚才华, 吴自银. 30a来伶仃洋海岸线变迁及海底冲淤变化[J]. 海洋学研究, 2012, 30(3): 89-100.

YAO Cai-hua, WU Zi-yin. Shoreline migration and scour-and-fill alternation in the Lingdingyang estuary over past 30 a[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2012, 30(3): 89-100.

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