热红外遥感监测滨海电厂温排水研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.011

海洋学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 123-137.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2024.04.011

热红外遥感监测滨海电厂温排水研究进展

谷佳霖¹^,²(), 楼琇林¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 张华国¹^,²^,³, 曹雯婷¹^,², 柏瑶苹³^,⁴

1.自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州 310012
2.卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州 310012
3.大亚湾海洋风险与灾害野外科学观测研究站,广东惠州 516081
4.大亚湾区社会事务管理局,广东惠州 516081

收稿日期:2024-01-11 修回日期:2024-03-29 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2025-02-08
通讯作者: 楼琇林
作者简介:*楼琇林(1974—),男,正高级工程师,主要从事海洋遥感研究,E-mail:lxl@sio.org.cn。
谷佳霖(1999—),女,辽宁省本溪市人,主要从事近海海洋环境遥感研究,E-mail:gujialin2023@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41576175);卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室自主课题(SOEDZZ2202)

Thermal infrared remote sensing advancements in monitoring thermal discharge from coastal power plants

GU Jialin¹^,²(), LOU Xiulin¹^,²^,³^,^*(), ZHANG Huaguo¹^,²^,³, CAO Wenting¹^,², BAI Yaoping³^,⁴

1. Second Institute of Oceanography,MNR, Hangzhou 310012, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou 310012, China
3. Observation and Research Station of Daya Bay Marine Risks and Hazards, MNR, Huizhou 516081, China
4. Daya Bay District Bureau of Social Affairs, Huizhou 516081, China

Received:2024-01-11 Revised:2024-03-29 Online:2024-12-15 Published:2025-02-08
Contact: LOU Xiulin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准确监测和评价滨海电厂温排水的温升强度和时空分布,对于滨海电厂的安全作业和周边海域生态环境保护具有重要意义。基于热红外遥感观测技术,可以获取滨海电厂温排水空间分布、温升强度和时间变化等信息,已成为滨海电厂温排水监测的重要手段。本文从遥感数据源、水体温度反演、温排水背景温度信息提取、温排水时空统计及其影响因素分析等多个方面系统综述了利用热红外遥感技术监测滨海电厂温排水的研究现状和进展,并提出了未来滨海电厂温排水遥感研究的方向。

关键词: 滨海电厂, 温排水, 热红外遥感, 背景温度, 影响因素, 遥感监测, 热污染, 海面温度

Abstract:

Accurate monitoring and assessment of the temperature rise intensity and spatio-temporal distribution of thermal discharge from power plants are of great significance for ensuring safe operations of the power plants and protecting the ecological environment of surrounding marine areas. Based on thermal infrared remote sensing observation technology, information such as the spatial distribution, temperature rise intensity, and temporal variation of thermal discharge from coastal power plants can be obtained, making it an important means for monitoring thermal discharge from these plants. The current research status and progress in monitoring thermal discharge from coastal power plants using thermal infrared remote sensing technology are systematically reviewed, including remote sensing data sources, water temperature retrieval, thermal discharge background temperature information extraction, spatio-temporal statistics of thermal discharge, and analysis of influencing factors. Furthermore, the paper proposes future directions for remote sensing research on thermal discharge from coastal power plants.

Key words: coastal power plants, thermal discharge, thermal infrared remote sensing, background temperature, influencing factors, remote sensing monitoring, thermal pollution, sea surface temperature

中图分类号:

谷佳霖, 楼琇林, 张华国, 曹雯婷, 柏瑶苹. 热红外遥感监测滨海电厂温排水研究进展[J]. 海洋学研究, 2024, 42(4): 123-137.

GU Jialin, LOU Xiulin, ZHANG Huaguo, CAO Wenting, BAI Yaoping. Thermal infrared remote sensing advancements in monitoring thermal discharge from coastal power plants[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2024, 42(4): 123-137.

图/表 11

表1 温排水热红外遥感监测传感器及平台信息

Tab.1 Information of thermal infrared remote sensing sensor and platform for thermal discharge monitoring

卫星	有效载荷	传感器工作时间	空间分辨率/ m	重访周期/ d	波段/ μm	研究案例	主要结论
NOAA	AVHRR	1979年至今	1 100	1	10.5~12.5	大亚湾核电厂^[11] 永光核电厂^[12]	空间分辨率低,难以获取温排水温升细节
AQUA/TERRA	MODIS	2002年至今/ 2000年至今	1 000	1	10.8~12.3	大亚湾核电厂^[13-14] 田湾核电厂^[21] 红沿河核电厂^[15] 乐清湾火电厂^[16]	空间分辨率低,导致混合像元效应
HJ-1B	IRS	2008年至今	300	4	10.5~12.5	大亚湾核电厂^[13-14,18] 田湾核电厂^[17,21-22] 红沿河核电厂^[15] 乐清湾火电厂^[16]	时间分辨率较高,但还不足以反映精细的温排水温升等级及范围
AQUA/TERRA	ASTER	2002年至今/ 2000年至今	90	16	10.3~11.7	希舍姆核电厂^[19] 塞兹韦尔核电厂^[19]	温排水信息丰富,但晴空数量少,不适合用于温排水日常监测
CBERS-04	IRS	2014年至今	80	26	10.4~12.5	田湾核电厂^[21]	温排水信息与MODIS一致,但条带噪声限制了其数据使用
						永光核电厂^[12] 大亚湾核电厂^[14,18] 田湾核电厂^[21-22] 红沿河核电厂^[15] 乐清湾火电厂^[16] 希舍姆核电厂^[19] 塞兹韦尔核电厂^[19] 秦山核电站^[23]	可以反映更为精细的温度场边缘,监测到的最高温升级别更高,能更准确地描述温排水对周边海域热影响的分布状况
Landsat-5	TM	1984—2012年	120	16	10.4~12.5
Landsat-7	ETM+	1999年至今	60	16	10.4~12.5
Landsat-8	TIRS	2013年至今	100	16	10.6~11.2
Landsat-9	TIRS2	2021年至今	100	16	10.6~11.2

图1 基于海湾平均温度法提取的大亚湾核电厂温排水温升分布图 (图件改绘自文献[14]。)

Fig.1 Distribution of temperature rise of thermal discharge from Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant based on the average temperature correction method (Figure was redrawn from the reference [14].)

图2 基于区域替代温度法的田湾核电厂温排水温升分布图 (图件改绘自文献[47]。)

Fig.2 Distribution of temperature rise of thermal discharge from Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant based on the adjacent-zone substitution method (Figure was redrawn from the reference [47].)

图3 在大亚湾内采用区域替代温度法的替代区 (图件改绘自文献[48]。)

Fig.3 Reference zone in Daya Bay using adjacent-zone substitution method (Figure was redrawn from the reference [48].)

图4 大亚湾-岭澳核电站的背景区域半径选择 (白色三角形代表排水口,白色圆圈代表不同的背景区域,红色虚线圆圈为最终确定的背景区域。) (图件改绘自文献[49]。)

Fig.4 Radius selection of background areas in Daya Bay-Lingao Nuclear Power Plant (White triangle represents outlet, white circles represent different background areas, and red dashed circle is the final background areas.) (Figure was redrawn from the reference [49].)

图5 与田湾核电厂在同一纬度上的海面温度剖面 (图件改绘自文献[50]。)

Fig.5 Sea surface temperature profile on the same latitude as the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant (Figure was redrawn from the reference [50].)

图6 2001—2020年田湾核电厂温排水不同温升等级面积的统计分布图 (图件改绘自文献[57]。)

Fig.6 Statistical distribution of areas with different temperature rise grades of thermal discharge from Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant from 2001 to 2020 (Figure was redrawn from the reference [57].)

图7 1993—2020年大亚湾核电厂温排水温升包络线的季节变化 (图件改绘自文献[48]。)

Fig.7 Seasonal variation of temperature rise envelope of thermal discharge from Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant from 1993 to 2020 (Figure was redrawn from the reference [48].)

图8 2000—2019年英国希舍姆核电厂温排水出现的概率密度图 (图件改绘自文献[19]。)

Fig.8 Probability density map of thermal discharge from Heysham Nuclear Power Plant in the UK from 2000 to 2019 (Figure was redrawn from the reference [19].)

图9 深、浅层排水口类型温排水的高分辨率真彩色图像 (图件改绘自文献[49]。)

Fig.9 High-resolution true color images of thermal discharge from deep and shallow outlet types (Figure was redrawn from the reference [49].)

图10 田湾核电厂温排水季节分布 (图件改绘自文献[57]。)

Fig.10 Seasonal distribution of thermal drainage from Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant (Figure was redrawn from the reference [57].)

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热红外遥感监测滨海电厂温排水研究进展

Thermal infrared remote sensing advancements in monitoring thermal discharge from coastal power plants

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