海洋学研究 >

2017 , Vol. 35 >Issue 2: 53 - 60

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2017.02.006

研究论文

一种人工鱼礁的水动力学研究与建设效果评价

  • 姜少杰 ,
  • 刘海敌 ,
  • 吴伟 ,
  • 王世明
展开
  • 1.上海海洋大学 工程学院,上海 201306;
    2.上海海洋大学 海洋工程研究所,上海 201306
姜少杰(1965-),女,上海市人,副教授,主要从事渔业机械研究。E-mail:sjjiang@shou.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2016-11-15

  修回日期: 2016-12-03

  网络出版日期: 2022-11-18

基金资助

农业部2013年渔业资源和海洋环境保护项目资助(D8005-13-0296)

收起

Study on hydrodynamics and effect evaluation for constructing of an artificial reef

  • JIANG Shao-jie ,
  • LIU Hai-di ,
  • WU Wei ,
  • WANG Shi-ming
Expand
  • 1. College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2. Institute of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China

Received date: 2016-11-15

  Revised date: 2016-12-03

  Online published: 2022-11-18

Fold

摘要

针对舟山群岛的海洋环境和渔业资源等情况,设计了一种正六棱柱式人工鱼礁用于改善当地的海洋生态和渔业资源。选用反映鱼礁通透性的ε值和反映鱼礁附着能力的η值两个参数对人工鱼礁的结构进行评价,通过比较发现所设计的正六棱柱式人工鱼礁在具有良好通透性的情况下还能够为海洋生物提供更大的附着面积,满足设计需求。使用Fluent软件对鱼礁进行CFD仿真,发现鱼礁迎流面前部上升流的最大高度随来流速度的增加而增加,鱼礁后方背涡流的长度约为鱼礁高度的9.3~9.6倍,表明其具有很好的水动力特性。为进一步验证鱼礁的水动力学性能,在相同尺寸、相同水域环境下对鱼礁模型设计了水槽实验,与仿真结果相互验证,证明了正六棱柱式人工鱼礁水动力性能的有效性。最后采用实地调查的方法对正六棱柱式鱼礁礁区与箱形鱼礁礁区进行建设效果的对比评价,发现两种鱼礁均能对各自所处的海洋环境起到增殖作用,正六棱柱人工礁区的平均生物密度大于对比礁区的生物密度,证明了其良好的水动力特性对增殖效果的有效性。

关键词： 人工鱼礁; 上升流; 背涡流; CFD仿真; 水槽实验; 效果评价

本文引用格式

姜少杰 , 刘海敌 , 吴伟 , 王世明 . 一种人工鱼礁的水动力学研究与建设效果评价[J]. 海洋学研究, 2017 , 35(2) : 53 -60 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-909X.2017.02.006

Abstract

A positive six prism type artificial reef was designed to improve the marine fisheries habitat of the Zhoushan Archipelago. Two parameters of ε and η were used to evaluate the structure of artificial reefs, the value ε reflects the water permeability of artificial reefs and the value η reflects the adhesion ability of artificial reefs. The positive six prism type artificial reef was found to have a good permeability, and could also provide a larger area for the attachment of marine organisms. The design objectives were met. Based on the Fluent software, the CFD simulation of the fish reef was carried out, it was found that the maximum height of the upwelling increased with the flow velocity, and the length of the back vortex was about 9.3-9.6 times of the height of the fish reef, which indicated that it had a good hydrodynamic performance. In order to validate the performance of simulation further, flume experiment was conducted, which yielded consistent results as the simulation study. This further proved the validity of the hydrodynamic performance of the positive six prism artificial reef. The field experiment was also conducted at the end to evaluate the effect of the positive six prism reefs and to compare with the regular artificial reefs. Both the reefs could improve marine environment, but the average of density and biomass in the area of the positive six prism type artificial reef was higher than those in the control reef area, showing that the positive six prism artificial reef tended to have better hydrodynamic characteristics leading to more efficient in improving local habitats.

Key words： artificial reef; upwelling current; wake vortex; CFD simulation; flume experiment; effect evaluation

参考文献

[1] PAN Ying-jie.The dictionary of fisheries[M].Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House,2007.
潘迎捷.水产辞典(精)[M].上海辞书出版社,2007.
[2] CHEN Yong,YU Chang-qing,ZHANG Guo-sheng, et al.The environmental function and fish gather effect of artificial reefs[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2002,17(1):64-69.
陈勇,于长清,张国胜,等.人工鱼礁的环境功能与集鱼效果[J].大连海洋大学学报,2002,17(1):64-69.
[3] WANG Su-qin. Stress analysis and designing features of artificial fish reefs[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries College,1987(1):55-62.
王素琴.人工鱼礁的受力分析与设计要点[J].大连海洋大学学报,1987(1):55-62.
[4] XU Liu-xiong, LIU Jian, ZHANG Shuo, et al. Research on the design and stability calculation of the artificial hui style reef[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(12):79-83.
许柳雄,刘健,张硕,等.回字型人工鱼礁礁体设计及其稳定性计算[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(12):79-83.
[5] WU Zi-yue, SUN Man-chang,TANG Wei. The calculation of the hydrodynamic force of the artificial cross-reefs[J]. Marine Fisheries Research,2003,24(4):32-35.
吴子岳,孙满昌,汤威.十字型人工鱼礁礁体的水动力计算[J].渔业科学进展,2003,24(4):32-35.
[6] LIU Jian, XU Liu-xiong, ZHANG Shou, et al. Research on model experiments of the resistance coefficient of artificial reefs[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2011,41(10):35-39.
刘健,许柳雄,张硕,等.人工鱼礁礁体模型阻力系数的实验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2011,41(10):35-39.
[7] GAO Chao, MAO Hong-fei, YU Bao-chu. Research on stability of artificial reef based on Fluent[J].Shanxi Architecyure,2012,38(10):257-259.
高潮,毛鸿飞,余报楚.基于Fluent对人工鱼礁稳定性的研究[J].山西建筑,2012,38(10):257-259.
[8] LIU Hong-sheng, MA Xiang, ZHANG Shou-yu, et al. Research on model experiments of effects of artificial reefs on flow field[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,2009,33(2):229-236.
刘洪生,马翔,章守宇,等.人工鱼礁流场效应的模型实验[J].水产学报,2009,33(2):229-236.
[9] ZHAO Yun-peng, WANG Xiao-peng,DONG Guo-hai. Numerical simulation and experimental validation of hydrodynamic characteristics of submerged artificial reef in waves[J]. The Ocean Engineering,2015,33(6):52-61.
赵云鹏,王晓鹏,董国海.波浪作用下三角型人工鱼礁水动力特性数值模拟与实验验证[J].海洋工程,2015,33(6):52-61.
[10] LIU Hong-sheng, MA Xiang, ZHANG Shou-Yu, et al. Validation and comparison between wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulation of flow field around artificial reefs[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2009,16(3):365-371.
刘洪生,马翔,章守宇,等.人工鱼礁流场风洞实验与数值模拟对比验证[J].中国水产科学,2009,16(3):365-371.
[11] XIAO Rong,YANG Hong. Numerical simulation on features of flow field around hollow artificial reefs[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,24(6):934-942.
肖荣,杨红.镂空型人工鱼礁流场效应的数值模拟研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(6):934-942.
[12] HE Wen-rong, HUANG Yuan-dong, HUANG Li-ming, et al. Simulation of the three-dimensional CFD of water flow at pyramid artificial reef[J]. Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering,2013,24(5):71-76.
何文荣,黄远东,黄黎明,等.金字塔型人工鱼礁绕流的三维CFD模拟研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2013,24(5):71-76.
[13] SHAO Wan-jun, LIU Chang-gen, NIE Hong-tao, et al. Analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics and flow field around artificial reefs[J]. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2014,29(5):580-585.
邵万骏,刘长根,聂红涛,等.人工鱼礁的水动力学特性及流场效应分析[J].水动力学研究与进展,2014,29(5):580-585.
[14] CUI Yong, GUAN Chang-tao, WAN Rong, et al. Research and numerical simulation on features of flow field around artificial reef[J]. Journal of System Simulation,2009,21(23):7 393-7 396.
崔勇,关长涛,万荣,等.人工鱼礁流场效应的数值模拟与仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(23):7 393-7 396.
[15] LIU Yan, GUAN Chang-tao,ZHAO Yun-peng, et al. Experimental study on two-dimensional flow field of the star artificial reef in the water stream with PIV[J]. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,25(6):777-783.
刘彦,关长涛,赵云鹏,等.水流作用下星体型人工鱼礁二维流场PIV试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2010,25(6):777-783.
[16] XIA Zhang-ying. Artificial fish reef engineering[M].Beijing: China Ocean Press,2011:53.
夏章英.人工鱼礁工程学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011:53.
[17] ZHENG Yan-xuan, GUAN Chang-tao, SONG Xie-fa, et al. Numerical simulation on flow field around star artificial reefs[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(19):185-193.
郑延璇,关长涛,宋协法,等.星体型人工鱼礁流场效应的数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):185-193.
[18] HUANG Yuan-dong,JIANG Jian-wei, ZHAO Shu-fu. Study on numerical model of water of flows past a square artificial reef[J].Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering,2012,23(3):1-3.
黄远东,姜剑伟,赵树夫.方型人工鱼礁周围水流运动的数值模拟研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(3):1-3.
[19] LI Jun, LIN Jun, ZHANG Shou-yu. The numerical experiment on the permeability of a cubic artificial reef and the effect on the flow field around the reef[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(6):836-840.
李珺,林军,章守宇.方形人工鱼礁通透性及其对礁体周围流场影响的数值实验[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(6):836-840.
[20] LIN Jun,ZHANG Shou-yu,YE Ling-na.Optimization study of artificial reef assemblage based on the numerical simulation of flow field[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(7):1 023-1 031.
林军,章守宇,叶灵娜.基于流场数值仿真的人工鱼礁组合优化研究[J].水产学报,2013,37(7):1 023-1 031.
[21] JIANG Zhao-yang. Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic for artificial reefs[D].Qingdao: Ocean University of China,2009.
姜昭阳.人工鱼礁水动力学与数值模拟研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[22] TANG Yan-li. Hydrodynamics experiment of artificial reefs and numerical simulation of flow field[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China,2013.
唐衍力.人工鱼礁水动力的实验研究与流场的数值模拟[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[23] LI Jun, ZHANG Shou-yu. The comparison between numerical simulation and water channel experiment on an mi-zi artificial reef[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(10):1 587-1 594.
李珺,章守宇.米字型人工鱼礁流场数值模拟与水槽实验的比较[J].水产学报,2010,34(10):1 587-1 594.
[24] SONG Ya-min. Hydrological characteristics of Zhoushan Islands[J]. Hydrology,2001,21(6):59-62.
宋亚民.舟山群岛水文特性[J].水文,2001,21(6):59-62.
[25] WANG Wei-ding,XU Han-xiang, PAN Guo-liang, et al.Analysis of sediment types and calculation of carrying capacity for selective station of recreational ecotypicartificial reef in coastal waters of Zhejiang[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University: Natural Science,2006,25(2):119-123.
王伟定,徐汉祥,潘国良,等.浙江沿岸休闲生态型人工鱼礁初选点底质类型分析及承载力的计算方法[J].浙江海洋学院学報:自然科学版,2006,25(2):119-123.
[26] YU Jing,SUN Ying-lan,ZHANG Yue-mei,et al.Environmental capacity assessment of pollutants in Ningbo Zhoushan sea area[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2006,28(1):21-24.
余静,孙英兰,张越美,等.宁波-舟山海域入海污染物环境容量研究[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(1):21-24.
[27] GB 17378.4—2007 The specification for marine monitoring-part 4: Seawater analysis[S].2007.
GB 17378.4—2007海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].2007.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉